Biology Review Paper - 1423 Words

Definition of a review paper A review is a comprehensive synthesis of results from a wide and complex set of studies A synthesis of findings rather than ideas. Goal of a review paper is to help readers make sense of all available information Direct quotations rarely found in reviews. Do Not Use! Research reviews focus on primary sources Original scientific experimentation reported in scientific journals The quality of the review depends largely on the comprehensiveness of the literature search Use of secondary sources--textbooks or review journals (Science, Scientific American, Discover) Overview of material--easier to understand. Use references for networking, authors Get keywords Help devise outline†¦show more content†¦Background information, conflicting views, major lines of thought Statement of purpose Document and reference sources Body of text (topic 1, topic 2, Topic 3) Present details of work done by researchers on topic Mention and describe important techniques, methods, results, and conclusions May have headings, but dont use Body Develop and follow good topic sentences Coherent, well-blended summation of all the work you could find that is important to your subject Develop a pathway of thought that leads to conclusions Document and reference sources Conclusions Consolidate ideas, strengthen relationships between ideas, patterns, tie up loose ends Significance of topic Make sure you conclude something Do not introduce new data, results What is next, future avenues of research Write the paper well in advance of the due date Set it aside and reread it later. SAVE, SAVE, SAVE, SAVE (not only on disk, but on a hard drive somewhere) Computer malfunctions will not be accepted as an excuse for late work Person Most scientific work is written in the third person, but is written in passive, past tense Avoid using pronouns Facts and ideas are stated about procedures and results. Comparative studies wereShow MoreRelatedSex-Linked Traits Through Meiosis and How It Relates to Genetics.1609 Words   |  7 Pages|Principles of Biology | Copyright  © 2011, 2010, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is designed to introduce biology at an entry level by examining the hierarchy that ranges from the fundamentals of cell biology to the physiology of organisms, and the interactions among those organisms in their environment. The topics in this course include cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, evolutionRead MoreResearch Resources Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pagesa Standard Time Zones of the World map. Digital Library of the Commons Repository: The Digital Library of the Commons (DLC) is a gateway to the international literature on the commons. The DLC provides free and open access to full-text articles, papers, and dissertations. Google Correlate: finds search patterns which correspond with real-world trends. Google Scholar Internet Public Library: ipl2 is a public service organization and a learning/teaching environment. To date, thousands of studentsRead More|Freshwater Stingray (Potamotrygonidae) Conservation Through Captive Breeding Programs1269 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper will review and compare several written articles about wild stingray populations and successful captive breeding. Data such as stomach contents, water quality of wild populations and successful captive breeding populations will be compared and evaluated. Once all of the article’s are gathered and read each one will be referenced below and evaluated to their usefulness to the proposed research. Results/ Discussion Charvet-Almeida and Barthem, RB. (2010) There paper is aRead MoreBiography Of Theodosius Dobzhansky s Theory Of Life On Earth952 Words   |  4 Pagesundergoes constant changes in secular theories and society about the beginning of the universe and of life on Earth, which gives way to the idea of existentialism. Through some research, I found that he is best known for one his evolution paper, called Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution. Dobzhansky states in the article his three predictions that have been disproven in the following years after its publication. These guesses include that Darwin’s theory of the tree of lifeRead MoreWhat Are Public Health?1628 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent for an AOC in public health is to study public policy and biology. As a student, you will gain knowledge in both the social science and natural science aspects that are incorporated in Public Health and get prepared for graduate school. 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It’s all works as factors, and sometimes these factors plays a big part in causing you cancer, and sometimes it’s not. There is nothing granted with cancer.In this paper I’ll explain how genes connected with cancer.To do that, I collected my methodology from medical articles and Biology book and Biology, medicals blogs. From that I concluded, that is cancer is not contributing with onespecific factor, it controlled by different reasons. Introduction: There is aRead MoreMy Philosophy : Teaching Philosophy1071 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading Professor Varis teaching philosophy it is quite evident he takes great consideration for his students and their learning opportunities. As I reflect on and review my understanding and my learning philosophy I am given the chance to reflect on past classes and possibly what could have been different on my behalf and the professor’s behalf. Also at this time I relish the opportunity to contimplate what my values, principles, achievement skills and also my expectations for this class areRead MoreMotivation Application Essay Sample789 Words   |  4 PagesI am writing to apply for the PhD program, Neuroscience, at the University of Miami’s Miller School of Medicine (UMMSM). I am a graduate of Montclair State University, NJ, with a double major in biology and psychology. I have completed my high school in a war-torn country, Afghanistan. In 2006, after high school, alongside, it w as not safe for women, I did not have adequate for options to continue my higher education in sciences. Therefore, it was feasible to start working for international organizationsRead MoreMy Graduation Year Of High School1247 Words   |  5 PagesToward the end of my junior year of high school, I was given a blue paper with a space for teacher approval and space for an ‘X’ mark. This was the senior classes sign-up sheet for what classes we wanted to take in our last year in high school. Having always been interested in and fascinated by the sciences, I put an ‘X’ next to Biology II – Honors. I had never taken an honors science class before, but I was able to get my teacher at the time’s signature in the space next to the class name. I had

Essay on Values In Early American Literature - 1346 Words

Values in Early American Literature We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with inherent and inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, says the Declaration of Independence. This phrase encompasses three major values shown throughout early American literature. The strong belief in religion, freedom, and a strong will for a better life. Each piece had one or more of these themes within them. A strong value within almost all the writing was religion, both Native American and Puritan. Most Native American tales are based around a god or a moral expressed by a god. In Coyote Finishes His Work Coyote does all his work†¦show more content†¦The Puritan religion was the basis for other works such as Anne Bradstreet. And to my God my heart did cry, to strengthen me in my distress, and not leave me succorless. This is from a poem called, Here Follow Some Verses upon the Burning of Our House, July 10 1666. This particular piece entails the happenings of the Bradstreet homestead burning. During this difficult time Anne often speaks to God about letting go of her worldly possessions. Religion is one of the many things that helped new settlers through the beginning years of America. Another value that helped during this time was freedom. Freedom, its been ever present since the pilgrims first set foot upon the land soon to be called America. It was the reason for coming over and the reason for fighting against British rule. It is one of the values that stayed with every member of this country to this day. America will never be happy till she gets clear of foreign dominion. So states Thomas Paines From the crisis, No.1. This discusses the wish to free the American colonies from British rule. Most Americans did not believe England had the right to tax and create laws for America when they were an ocean away. They felt it was time to free them entirely from English rule and become an inde pendent country. Freedom was even present before the time of the Revolutionary war. WhenShow MoreRelatedPuritanism in American Literature Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesPuritanism in American Literature The Puritans had a large influence in American literature and still influence moral judgment and religious beliefs in the United States to this day. Puritan writing was used to glorify God and to relate God more directly to our world. Puritan literature was commonly a realistic approach to life. â€Å"Puritanism as a historical phenomenon and as a living presence in American life has enriched American literature in ways far too numerous to detail here.† (GRead More`` The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow `` : How Did Irving And Sedgwick Use American History?1520 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"In this by-place of nature there abode, in a remote period of American history, that is to say, some thirty years since, a worthy wight of the name of Ichabod Crane† (Washington Irving, â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow†, 1820). How did Irving and Sedgwick use American history in their writings? Well into the early 19th Century the idea of ‘The American’ was far reserved from what we recognize now, due in a large part to the the lack of a credible sense of culture and history emitted from the settlersRead MoreEssay on Ethnic Literature959 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Literature Paper Randy Hale University of Phoenix ENG.301 American Ethic Literature Michael Cromwell December 24, 2012 American Ethic Literature Paper What makes American literature American? American literature is just that American literature. American literature is stories of people lives that are based on American standards. Early American standards where based around slavery and oppression but now they are based on freedoms like freedom of speech and press. America hasRead MoreNative American And American Literature Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesIn all my years of studying literature while living in America, I have only one memory of ever having read anything Native American, and that was in grade school. Native American literature is typically left out of studies in general American Literature, although there do exist plenty of programs for studying these types of narratives separately and individually. It has yet to become a prominent area of study and there a differing reasons as to why this is. Part of the lack of study in this subjectRead More The Presentation of Native Americans In Childrens Literature1615 Words   |  7 PagesThe Presentation of Native Americans In Childrens Literature In the 1970s the seed of change began to grow in childrens literature. Because American Indians and knowledgeable cultural anthropologists became authors of childrens books, Native American people and culture is now being seen in a more true and distinguishing light. Literature is immensely important when it comes to learning. There are four areas of development that literature takes a huge part in. The first area is languageRead MoreThe Dangers Of Early Sexual Activities848 Words   |  4 Pagesteenage pregnancy rates, with the highest group beginning the Hispanic American community. To what degree are the parents involved in communicating to their teenage girls about sex, and are they providing the proper information to help protect their teenage daughters from pregnancies and STD’s? Academically this issue will continue to be examined, so that we can learn to help educate young teen students about the dangers of early sexual activities and how to help prevent teen pregnancies, STD’s, andRead MoreThe Emergence Of Self Concept1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emergence of Self Throughout our history the idea of self has developed and proved to be a dominant concept that Americans have come to understand. Not defined or found in lineage, religion, or history, the concept of self is defined by a collection of values. These values and principles are rooted in individualism, self-actualization, and self-reliance where people are able to fulfill their own destiny and believe in the promise that through ward work and determination life can be differentRead MoreEarly American Transcendentalism1204 Words   |  5 PagesEarly American transcendentalism has one of the greatest influences towards American society because it is not only a philosophy, but also a religion and physical progression. During the early nineteenth century, Ralph Emerson, Henry Thoreau, and other radical individuals challenged the present day theories of values, ethics, and what it means to live life to the fullest (Timko). If early American transcendentalists were living among civilians tod ay, would present day civilians think the earlierRead MoreChildhood During Early American Literature1447 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood in early American literature: In the early part of American history literature played a significant role in defining on how America would be shaped and molded. For the Puritans, coming to America provided the opportunity to express their opinions and beliefs. This opportunity was what they had been striving for and finally had the chance to implement. The Puritans took full advantage of this opportunity and utilized literature to provide values and rules to be followed. The literature writtenRead MoreEssay about Family Values Richard Rodriguez Analysis1270 Words   |  6 Pages2012 Family Values Because of the opposing cultures and ideas that collide in the mind of Richard Rodriguez, his arguments tend to break boundaries of traditional philosophical writing. As a Catholic, a homosexual, a Mexican immigrant, and an intellectual, the meaning of family values can differ significantly from one aspect of his life to the next. By gathering input from each of those sectors, Rodriguez composes an array of personal anecdotes and hypothetical examples in â€Å"Family Values,† to profess

Examining Government Regulations Free Essays

Western Maine Community Action (WMCA) is operated under the direction of an elected and appointed Board of Directors. This Board of Directors not only has to adhere to the Bylaws of WMCA, but also to various rules and regulations set forth by state and federal government. These rules and regulations are required in order for WMCA to receive funding for the programs they offer to their clients. We will write a custom essay sample on Examining Government Regulations or any similar topic only for you Order Now The program that I have chosen to research government regulations on is Western Maine Community Actions’ Energy Housing Program, focusing specifically on the housing portion of the program. Although there are numerous rules, regulations and standards that apply to those seeking assistance, U. S. Title 42, Chapter 119, Section 11408, Homeless Assistance, indicates that assistance can be granted based on one or all of the following; prevention assistance for families at risk of becoming homeless, assisting families in providing them permanent housing, or, offering direct emergency assistance. The family must be in jeopardy of having lost or losing adequate night-time residence. Funding for assisting families is limited and is based on a percentage of appropriated funds, as well as community population. In order for Western Maine Community Action to be eligible to receive grant monies to continue to offer this program, a very detailed application must be filled out and agreement made that WMCA will involve the individual(s) and or families through employment, volunteer services and in some case rehabilitation. Application submission must include the following documents; work plan, budget, board membership list by sector and an updated financial procedures manual. Community Services Block Grants is also a funding organization that Western Maine Community Action relies on for the funding of the Energy and Housing Program. The CSBG rules were adopted to provide a consistent statewide guideline for the use of federal funds which are appropriated under the Community Services Block Grant Act of 1981. The rules establish funding and program requirements for the designated recipients. In order to be eligible for this grant, WMCA agrees to an agency-wide audit, which means a financial audit of all agency funds, restricted and unrestricted at the end of their fiscal year. The financial audit must consist of an auditor’s report, statement of support, which are revenue and expenses and any changes that have been made in fund balances. Appropriate notes must be made on financial statements as well as a schedule of grant revenues, expenses and changes made to balances. Once grant funding has been released to WMCA, there must be a comprehensive plan in place for the intent of fund usage and the plan must include a range of services and activities with a measureable impact on the causes and conditions of the poverty level in the particular service area, to advocate for the client(s) to secure and retain employment; to offer opportunities for the client to attain an adequate education, continue to assist clients in obtaining and maintaining adequate housing and a suitable living environment, to name a few of the programs the Agency is to offer through this grant. Federal and State mandates are becoming more and more stringent with the current state of the economy. Many times programs, such as the ones that WMCA offer within their service area, are held accountable for the funding they are granted. Often times, programs to assist the needy have to be offered during certain times of the year because of the demand for services and cap on the amount of funding available. Federal and State agencies help in many other ways besides just housing. Programs such as immunizations for children, assistance in transportation, childcare services, food programs, and these are just a sampling. With all these programs in place, funds must be allocated in order that help is provided for those needing. I believe that there are many citizens within a community that feel disconnected from their community therefore are not accessible to human service providers therefore it is a challenge when Federal of State Governments face when they try to address the current situation of inadequate housing and even homelessness. It is typical for middle class citizens to seek help when they most need it because they consider themselves as a failure to their family. The reality is that because of the current state of the economy they have fallen in to debt, and are no longer able to provide for their families as generously as previously done while living at the middle class level. This type of situation not only becomes stressful for the individual seeking the assistance, but puts strain nd stress on the relationships within the family unit. Individuals seeking and accepting assistance should understand that it is only on a temporary basis that help is being provided and is beneficial to their family. The reality would be that it would be more detrimental to the family if they did not have adequate food, shelter warmth, and medical/dental services and that we are here advocating for them. How to cite Examining Government Regulations, Essay examples Examining Government Regulations Free Essays The current government regulations I researched pertain to the clinical guidelines and the civil rights of persons living with HIV/AIDS in Portland, Oregon. Many people living with HIV/AIDS, at some point during their illness, find themselves in need of housing assistance and support services. Stable housing promotes improved health, sobriety or decreased use of alcohol and illegal drugs, and, for some, a return to paid employment and productive social activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Examining Government Regulations or any similar topic only for you Order Now As the number of people living with HIV/AIDS continues to grow in both urban and rural areas throughout the United States, stakeholders must find new ways to address their needs to promote the health and well-being of these individuals and their families. Increasingly, maximizing the resources available to people who need them requires partnering across mainstream housing and human services systems to ensure continuity of care, program efficiency, and that there is â€Å"no wrong door† to assistance for clients at risk. The United States Department of Health and Human Services recommended public health law reform as part of its Healthy People 2010 initiative. Public health law in many states is ripe for reform. Oregon state legislature has suggested that existing state statutes are ineffective in responding to contemporary health threats for many reasons. These statutes pre-date modern scientific and constitutional developments and lack adequate standards of privacy, due process, and risk assessment. Forty percent of Oregonians with HIV need housing assistance, and a survey of Oregon service agency representatives cited the lack of affordable housing as the number-one barrier to stability for Oregonians living with HIV/AIDS. Critical issues were identified and recommendations developed to improve the ability of these systems to cooperatively meet the housing and services needs of people living with HIV/AIDS in Oregon. The obstacles that would prevent me from meeting the needs of people living with HIV/AIDS are 1. Limited Awareness of Resources Dedicated to People Living with HIV/AIDS Many potential housing and services partners lack awareness or accurate knowledge of existing resources dedicated to, or which can be used to serve, people living with HIV/AIDS, and that lack of awareness may limit partnerships. 2. Confidentiality Concerns The need to maintain client confidentiality restricts the ways that OHOP housing coordinators and other organizations and individuals can publicize their activities and resources. . Limited Staff Capacity and Knowledge HIV Care and Treatment staff may lack familiarity with aspects of partner systems, including affordable housing, and have limited resources and time to conduct marketing and outreach to potential partners and planning bodies. Discrimination adds to the daily struggles faced by the growing number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the United States – people who are predominantly poor and disproportionately African American or Latino. Every agency’s biggest problems facing their clients involve meeting basic needs – coping with poverty, hunger, illiteracy, inadequate medical care, lack of transportation, and homelessness. In addition to those basic needs issues, people with HIV face a series of critical civil rights problems. Individuals living with HIV/AIDS need to know their rights and need the resources to advocate for themselves when their rights are threatened. They also need national legal organizations like the ACLU AIDS Project to enforce their civil rights and civil liberties through litigation, public education and legislative advocacy. Recommendations: †¢ Develop simple, discreet material to publicize OHOP and related services and opportunities, and distribute it widely. †¢ Present to current and potential partners, including faith-based and community-based grass roots organizations with information tailored to their interests. †¢ Engage provider agency staff, clients, and other regional participants in publicizing the need, opportunity, and benefits of investing in housing and services for people living with HIV/AIDS. †¢ Focus attention on improving coordination with planning, data, and other elements of homeless systems. †¢ Promote Shelter Care and other bonus projects through agreements to streamline or share sponsor administrative costs. †¢ Conduct outreach and seek partnerships with landlords and property managers. Oregon Housing and Opportunities in Partnership (OHOP) Program Many people living with HIV/AIDS find themselves in need of housing assistance and support services at so me point during their illness. As many as 60 percent of all persons living with HIV/AIDS report a lifetime experience of homelessness or housing instability. Stable housing promotes improved health, sobriety or decreased use of alcohol and illegal drugs, and, for some people living with HIV/AIDS, a return to paid employment and productive social activities. The federal Housing Opportunities for Persons with AIDS (HOPWA) program provides funding, distributed by both formula and competition, dedicated to the housing needs of people living with HIV/AIDS and their families. This funding is not only necessary but critical to have the needs of people living with HIV/AIDS met adequately. How to cite Examining Government Regulations, Papers

Transportation And Distribution Management

Question: Discuss about the Transportation And Distribution Management. Answer: Introduction Increasing trends of globalization have significantly impacted on the business. Thereby, logistic and supply chain management is increasing day by day. This essay aims to provide the different aspects of the transportation management in terms of HG Metal Manufacturing Ltd like the effectiveness of transpiration capability. Similarly, it identifies the transport mode selection consideration through organization capability. It is also helpful to analyze the carrier selection criteria and carrier relationship management through goals and needs of the organization. The purpose of this essay is to identify the significance of transportation in logistics and supply chain management to success the business. Key Information of the Company HG Metal Manufacturing Ltd is a leading steel manufacturing company in Singapore. The company has large diversified product portfolio, which involves more than 3000 different types of steel products. Simultaneously, company is also offered the various business solutions in respect of diversified industries like transportation, energy, electronics and marine (HG Metal, 2017). However, the company is also listed in Singapore exchange. Along with this, the company is offered various products and services like steel construction i.e. aluminium, beams, cold rolled steels, plates, distribution, and steel services like surface protection services (HG Metal, 2017). Company characteristics are to offer one-stop supply, large warehouse, and just in time production to its customers thereby, company gains the competitive advantage. Further, the company operates their operations across the globe. However, company revenue is $127.9 million in 2015 (Annual Report, 2017). Basically, company has thre e business segments like construction steel, distribution, and industrial steel and services. Company also operates their business in Thailand, Vietnam, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia, and Papua New Guinea. Besides this, company is used multi-pronged strategy in order to provide higher value-added services. However, there are different competitors of the company such as A N Metal Pvt. Ltd. Incoterms Selection Consideration Transportation involves the logistic cost of different goods as well as it is effective to enhance the performance of the organization logistic. Although, transportation process starts from procuring the raw materials and it finishes with the delivery of finished goods to the client or customers. For this, the company gains the benefits through better coordination between the different transportation elements. There are a different source of transports carriers that are used by the steel companies as per customer requirements such as air, water, railway, and motor carriers (Janthongpan, et al., 2016). Consequently, transportation selection mode decisions vary on nature of business. In terms of global business, an organization needs different transportation carriers for import and exports the goods. In concerning to this, different business carriers are significant for the steel manufacturing companies, because it is not possible to keep own transportation carrier due to a huge investment and maintenance (Zheng, et al., 2016). For instance, HG Metal Manufacturing Ltd maintains his own transport carrier to export the goods as well as it uses outsource carrier also for domestic and global market. For this, company is used own transport for moving the goods factory into the warehouse. In consequence, the company is used the motor carrier and railroad for delivering the final goods to the customers in Singapore and the global extent (Liu, et al., 2016). For this, company has large transport capability on the basis of different diversified business solutions thereby, company effectively negotiate with different transport providers. In adverse, it creates the disadvan tage for the company, because it increases the total fixed cost of the company, which carries switching yards, terminal, and costly equipment. As compared to a railroad carrier, the motor carrier is less expensive Recommendations From the above analysis, it can recommend that company should ensure that the resources are fully utilized or not, as a result, it helps to maintain the proper inventory of the company. Further, company should use minimum carbon footprint so that it improves the business sustainability for the long term. Likewise, company should identify the critical changes regarding the import and export of transportation goods such as trade policies, and deregulation (Martin and Giedroc, 2016). In order to enhance the business, company should avoid those countries where high barriers in respect of exporting of goods, because different countries have a different trade policy, which may affect the export business of company. It also recommends that the company should use the latest technology so as to provide visibility of shipments, which may help to increase the capability of the company. Moreover, the company should also know about the currency fluctuations, because currency fluctuation tends to adversely affect the transport operations of the company. Here shows the diagram, which shows the effectiveness of transportation capability. Moreover, company should use water carrier for exporting the goods at the global level, which is effective in cost reduction. Here depicts the diagram of currency fluctuation and transportation selected, which may impact on the return of the company and goods export.(Balcilar, et al., 2015) Carrier Selection Criteria Selection criteria are significant in transport carriers, because it secures the product safety. Therefore, there are different transportation variables are required for the selection of carriers such as carriers, rates, mode of transport, ratings, and carriers performance and evaluations. Mode of carrier selection is important for the company for delivering final the goods to the customer, because it enables the company to reduce the cost of the different carrier and select the best one alternative for the business (Jacyna, et al., 2014). For example, if there are a lot of company goods to be delivered, it will require a heavy discount on carriers as well as effective services, which is quite helpful to overcome the transportation cost on goods. Further, the aim of the HG Metal Manufacturing Ltd is to provide the final goods to the customer with proper goods safety at one stop service (Dixit, et al., 2015). Concurrently, the aim of the company is to become the largest steel supplier in the world by delivering the quality products with safety to the customers. As a result, company requires different selection criteria while using the transport services. Although, the company is used five different business criteria for the selection of effective transport carriers such as move the goods fast, effective rates, transportation ratings, safety, low damages, time delivery, product secure, effective services, urgency shipment records, and theft of goods. In addition, customer uniqueness may also affect the transportation carriers selection criteria, because different customer needs towards the transportation may impact on the company transportation such as proper goods handling, effective cost, tracking the shipment, product safety, and timely delivery. (Kumru and Kumru, 2014). While selecting the carrier, environmental factor criteria may also affect the transportation carrier of the company due to different factors such as climate change, environmental degradation, resource depletion, pollution, noise, Acidification, and ozone damage. In the case of HG Metal Manufacturing Ltd, company facilitates the different transportation attributes to their customers like the accessibility of cargo space, right schedule, proper filing of documents, and any other query related to the carrier (Reisi, et al., 2014). Service quality and transpiration cost are also significant carrier selection criteria for an organization in terms of proper deliver y of goods. In consequence, HG Metal Manufacturing focuses on above these selection criteria, which helps to increase the effectiveness of the company in the eyes of the customers. In spite of this, there are some other carrier selection criteria that are necessary for the organization while ensuring the goods delivery such as pricing, warehouse, proper timing, and product safety. As a result, the company can unify all above criteria for better carrier selection. From the above analysis, it can recommend that the company should analyze the time delivery criteria regarding the goods as a result; it helps to raise the feasibility of the company as well as satisfies the customer expectations. Further, it recommends that the company should concern the customer needs for the effective transportation service in terms of the appropriate price of the carrier, goods damaged, and tracking the goods detail. These can be helpful to increase the company feasibility, overcome the operation cost of steel as well as meet out the customer needs (Chen, et al., 2014). Besides this, company should identify the whether the carrier company provides the tracking detail of goods or not consequently it enables the company to get all goods delivery detail on time basis. This can be helpful to increase the customer loyalty. Additionally, company should ensure whether the company delivers the goods without any damages, which may help to improve the productivity efficien cy of the company. Carrier Relationship Management Carrier relationship is necessary between the shipper and carrier for doing the business effectively. Simultaneously, a positive relationship is also helpful to maintain the delivery service time and product quality. In terms of HG Metal Manufacturing Ltd, company effectively maintains the strong relationship with its carriers and it ensures to provide the good quality products within the service time. In this manner, it can help to raise the profitability of the company as well as the carriers. It seems that there is a positive relationship exists among shipper and carrier for their own interest (Shin, 2015). Further, carrier relationship management is important in transportation, because it helps to increase the long-term sustainability of the company and better customer loyalty. As a result, it has positive impacts on the company feasibility and profitability. In order to increase the transportation effectiveness, company may opt the outsource carrier services. In consequence, there are three types of transportation determinants, which show the long-term relationship between company and carriers such as flexibility, effectiveness, and trust. In concern to this, flexibility helps to overcome the delivery anxiety of carriers as well as it reduces the company urgency delivery cost. Likewise, trust builds the open communication between the company and carriers, and creates the business opportunity in future. Concurrently, effectiveness helps the company to overcome the volume of carriers. For example, if increase the prices in oil, it would adverse impacts on the transportation cost, which affects the company operations and carriers. As a result, the company should collaborate with carrier suppliers in order to avoid any misunderstanding (Miller and Saldanha, 2016). Thus, it can be said that the carrier supplier requires continuing the process through effective planning, goods delivery confirmation, and tendering. From the above findings, it can be recommended that HG Metal Manufacturing should use the different transportation technique so as to raise the alliance with different carriers like transaction information and goods tracking information, which is effective to for the firm to deliver the goods on time. Meanwhile, if any carrier service provider fails to provide the accurate delivery information, which may form the dissatisfaction in the eyes of the company. Further, it recommends that the company should build the trust with different transport carriers, which may effective to create the large business opportunity in future thereby, it positive impacts on the business profitability and it creates the strong relationship between them (Montoya-Torres, et al., 2016). In oppose of this, negotiation can help the company to resolve the transportation issues with the different carriers. In this concern, it helps to identify the requirements of company and carrier supplier at large extent. In addition, company should provide the business flexibility to its carriers so that it helps to reduce the operational cost of the firm regarding the transportation. Similarly, better flexibility helps the carrier in order to deliver the goods on time. Conclusion From the above analysis, it can be analyzed that the transportation carrier is significant for the firm to enhancing the productivity and competitive position. It also identified that the HG Metal manufacturing is used different transport carrier like water, motor carrier, which can be helpful to increase the transportation presence of the company. Further, it identified that the company is used different selection criteria during the transport selection such as unique selling point, customer identification, issues related environmental, market, cost, and transport performance. This report identified that the company should focus to deliver the goods on time in order to meet out the customers expectations. Further, it analyzed that the company should maintain the strong relationship with their carriers for ensuring good service to the customer. In consequence, it can be helpful to raise the profitability of the company. Therefore, company should analyze the transportation policy of d ifferent countries in order to increase the effectiveness of production operations, because fluctuations may adverse impacts on the company efficiency. References Annual Report (2017). [Online]. Retrieved from: https://infopub.sgx.com/FileOpen/HG%20Metal_AR_FYE311215.ashx?App=ProspectusFileID=28853 Balcilar, M., Hammoudeh, S. and Asaba, N. A. F. (2015). A regime-dependent assessment of the information transmission dynamics between oil prices, precious metal prices and exchange rates. International Review of Economics Finance, 40, 72-89. Chen, S., Leng, Y., Mao, B. and Liu, S. (2014). Integrated weight-based multi-criteria evaluation on transfer in large transport terminals: A case study of the Beijing South Railway Station. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 66, 13-26. Dixit, R., Malaviya, D., Pandiyan, K., Singh, U. B., Sahu, A., Shukla, R. and Paul, D. (2015). Bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environment: an overview of principles and criteria of fundamental processes. Sustainability, 7(2), 2189-2212. HG Metal (2017). [Online]. Retrieved from: https://hgmetal.com/company-profile/ HG Metal (2017). [Online]. Retrieved from: https://hgmetal.com/our-services/ Jacyna, M., Wasiak, M., Lewczuk, K. and K?odawski, M. (2014). Simulation model of transport system of Poland as a tool for developing sustainable transport. Archives of Transport, 31. Janthongpan, S., Rattanawong, W. and Suthikarnnarunai, N. (2016). Intelligent System for Transportation Mode Selection in ASEAN Countries. The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 10(1). Kumru, M. and Kumru, P. Y. (2014). Analytic hierarchy process application in selecting the mode of transport for a logistics company. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 48(8), 974-999. Liu, J., Chen, Y. G., Gan, L., Xiao, T. H. and Li, Z. Y. (2016). Realization of Plasmonic Microcavity with Full Transverse and Longitudinal Mode Selection. Scientific reports, 6. Martin, J. E. and Giedroc, D. P. (2016). Functional determinants of metal ion transport and selectivity in paralogous cation diffusion facilitator transporters CzcD and MntE in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Journal of bacteriology, 198(7), 1066-1076. Miller, J. W. and Saldanha, J. P. (2016). A New Look at the Longitudinal Relationship Between Motor Carrier Financial Performance and Safety. Journal of Business Logistics, 37(3), 284-306. Montoya-Torres, J. R., Muoz-Villamizar, A. and Vega-Meja, C. A. (2016). On the impact of collaborative strategies for goods delivery in city logistics. Production Planning Control, 27(6), 443-455. Reisi, M., Aye, L., Rajabifard, A. and Ngo, T. (2014). Transport sustainability index: Melbourne case study. Ecological Indicators, 43, 288-296. Shin, S. M. (2015). Factors influencing trust and partnership in shipper-carrier relationship: How do these affect electronic trading transactions in South Korea?. African Journal of Business Management, 9(21), 741-751. Zheng, Y., Liao, H. and Yang, X. (2016). Stochastic Pricing and Order Model with Transportation Mode Selection for Low-Carbon Retailers. Sustainability, 8(1), 48. Transportation and Distribution Management Question: Discuss about the Transportation and Distribution Management. Answer: Introduction Transportation and distribution organization is a system that allows organizations to manage their foreign and local transportation, tackling supply chain complication with integration to partner systems and one control layer for monitoring the lifecycle of transportation (Abel-Maksoud Kawam, 2009). It also deals with the management of processes and resources used to deliver a product from a manufacture location to the point of sale. The purpose of this essay is to discuss and evaluate the usefulness of three aspects of the shipping management at Wal-Mart, namely incoterms selection consideration, carrier selection criteria, and carrier relationship management. Wal-Mart started small, with one discount store and the simple concept of selling more for less (Anderson Dekker, 2009). Today, the organization is recognized as the largest retailer in the world, having over 250 million customers and over 11,000 stores. Wal-Marts products are generally varied and include health and wellness, groceries, entertainment, stationery, household appliances and auto spares. Its main competitors are Kroger, Safeway and Costco. The company has recently initiated the strategy of anti- unionization and therefore allowing employees to have their unions. Wal-Mart has also initiated a strategy in the change management where they make use of their political capital wholly so as to expand internationally (Bitran, Gurumurthi Shiou, 2007). Discussion In this part, we shall discuss three main aspects of transportation management in relation to Wal-Mart. These aspects are incoterms selection consideration, carrier selection criteria, and carrier relationship management. Incoterms or international commercial terms refer to a set of foreign guidelines for the explanation of the most commonly used trade terms (Bowersox, Closs Cooper, 2009). Wal-Mart acknowledges that the application of these rules to retailing and buying agreements makes worldwide trade easier and assists partners in different nations understand one another. Incoterms usually determine who caters for the cost of each transportation part, who takes up the risk of loss at any given point during a foreign shipment, and who is accountable for receiving and loading of goods. As Wal-Mart transportation management has observed, most often, parties to an agreement are unaware of the distinct trading practices in their respective nations. Such lack of knowledge leads to conflicts and misunderstandings between suppliers and customers (Cai, Chen Hsiao, 2013). Given the fact that Wal-Mart is an international company, whenever it buys and sells goods internationally, it must agree on its respecti ve duties during the transaction with its business partners. It is the desire of the company to do more direct importing rather than the rough agents. There are separate teams which are responsible for handling private label products. As an aspect of transportation and distribution management, incoterms are of different kinds, for instance Cost and Freight (CFR) where the seller fulfills his duty when the products pass the ships rail at the shipping port (Abel-Maksoud Kawam, 2009). The seller bears all the costs of export, freight, customs clearance, and costs required to transport the products to the port of intention. Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) is where the seller is expected to obtain minimum insurance coverage only to destination port for the value of the products. On the other hand, the purchaser assumes the risk at the time the products are moved on board the ship despite the fact that they are covered by an insurance policy. Notably, this term is only used for inland waterway or sea transport. Carriage and Insurance Paid (CIP) is another type of incoterm where the seller caters for the costs of freight transportation required to transport the products to the location agreed with the purchaser (Ander son Dekker, 2009). This particular incoterm can be utilized in any mode of transport. At Wal-Mart, Free on Board (FOB) kind of incoterm is used. Here, the seller fulfills its duty to deliver the products once they clear the ships rail at the port of shipment. The seller does not pay for the shipment. However, s/he is required to ensure the products are cleared by customs for export. This term is only used for transportation by inland waterways or sea. Presently, the organizations management believes that this is the most appropriate incoterm to use. A more suitable incoterm that Wal-Mart can consider using is Carriage Paid To (CPT) where the seller pays the costs of freight transport required to transport the goods to the location agreed with the purchaser, including shipping and export permits, but not insurance costs (Bitran, Gurumurthi Shiou, 2007). This type of incoterm can be utilized in any mode of transport. Delivery at Frontier (DAF) can also be used at Wal-Mart where the seller delivers to the agreed location at the border, but liability ends before the deli very is cleared at customs (Bowersox, Closs Cooper, 2009). The products are made available to the purchaser in the means of transport. Carrier selection criteria factors Historically, Wal-Mart has utilized its distribution and procurement skills to overwhelm and overtake its smaller and less efficient competitors. As the organization progressed, it is now the industry leader in supply chain innovations as well as best practices. The authority and absolute size of Wal-Mart and its intense follow-through have allowed the company to continue being an industry leader in supply chain practices (Cai, Chen Hsiao, 2013). Wal-Mart suppliers are now expected to adjust their shipping schedules and order processing so as to meet the companys deadlines. In turn, the shippers will be applying pressure on their carrier partners to speed up freight movements. Re-evaluation of their lead times and monitoring of carrier performance will have to be done to ensure they do not put their Wal-Mart business at risk. Carriers are expected to revisit transit times and route plans so as to ensure they are achievable and realistic on a regular basis. All these fall under the r ecent strategy by Wal-Mart dubbed Must Arrive By Date or MABD (Abel-Maksoud Kawam, 2009). American organizations delivering products to Wal-Mart distribution centres must begin to distribute within a given time frame leading up to a MABD date. This condition at first applies to distributors that deliver prepaid and truckload goods to the companys DCs where the monthly benchmark is set at 90% (Anderson Dekker, 2009). Companies falling short of this particular target will be penalized. This means that any company that delivers shipments prior to or after the 4-day window will have to pay a charge equating to 3% of the cost of goods sold (Bitran, Gurumurthi Shiou, 2007). The newly implemented strategy offers shippers with the chance to better leverage their whole freight volumes and drive more round trips together with constant move planning. It is clear that Wal-Marts latest supply chain undertaking will have significant implications for carriers and shippers in that it will cause various organizations to reevaluate their carrier performance and capabilities. It will also encourage organizations and retailers in other industries to carefully follow up their triumph of Wal-Marts program, taking into consideration the adoption of similar initiatives that can drive more cost savings out of their inbound freight disbursements (Bowersox, Closs Cooper, 2009). Recently, Wal-Mart transportation has awarded twelve trucking and transportation partners as part of the retailers 2015 Carriers of the Year (Cai, Chen Hsiao, 2013). It has awarded the designation to organizations that offer transportation support to the companys stores located throughout the continental United States. Over the past year, each of the chosen carriers has shown a commitment to customer service and creating innovative solutions in an evolving yet enormously significant business. Wal-Mart has established quite a swirl in its retailer community as it progresses forward with plans to conquer inbound transportation management for most retailer shipments to its distribution stores and centers. Nearly all retailer shipments to the company are controlled by the retailer and in some instances Wal-Mart chooses the carrier and pays for the freight. However, the retailer is expected to work with the designated carrier to carry out the shipment. For Wal-Mart retailers who utilize complete delivery pricing, a probable effect will be that they will not enjoy some existing transportation benefits (Abel-Maksoud Kawam, 2009). The company cites that it is actually superior in logistics than its suppliers, something which may be true given its large number of trucks and complete network density, offering chances to minimize empty miles that are not accessible by most organizations. Carrier relationship management Effective carrier relationship management can be compared to the precision dancing of a ballerina (Anderson Dekker, 2009). This means that a companys carrier must uphold equilibrium by promoting on behalf of distributors all while improving the business outcomes for carrier partners. Wal-Mart is well aware of the fact that without their carriers, they would not be in a position to deliver quality service to their customers. From purchasing agents, receivers, and shippers to carriers and third party logistics organizations, everyone tends to have an opinion on how to minimize trucking costs. However, they all agree to the fact that in order to help save money, shippers need to create firm relationships with their less-than-truckload carriers (Bitran, Gurumurthi Shiou, 2007). As Wal-Mart has realized, this can be done by working with the carrier to determine which lanes and freight are most appropriate. Furthermore, if the company intends on holding their carriers to their commitment s, then Wal-Mart should honor its loyalties to them. Additionally, good information is significant to carriers in the course of bidding. Such information assists the carriers to plan appropriately in terms of locations and any specific freight features, and for seasonal transformations in volume. Transportation and distribution management can be quite stressful, particularly if a company regularly finds itself dependent on load boards for finding carriers at the last minute of a shipment. It is in such situations that organizations find themselves desperate in making decisions that they do not want to make, for instance moving shipments at a financial loss or operating with motor carriers the company has no knowledge of (Bowersox, Closs Cooper, 2009). That is why the strongest and victorious freight brokerage operations are those who take time to establish firm, long-lasting relationships with their carriers. Notably, supply and demand oscillations can stress commitments and place much emphasis on the nature of relationships, which are either strengthened or destroyed in the course of dialogues. A sense of trust is considered to be a necessary condition for relationship-oriented discussions. Relationships between individuals or organizations cannot be ignored as they tend to directly affect the level of trust. Carrier sales personnel rarely change careers, but often change companies. Therefore, the nature of the relationship must broaden beyond two individuals or companies. Establishing trust with novel parties, especially executive level personnel is of much interest for all parties involved. With reference to Wal-Mart, there is an appropriate type of carrier relationship to be built with the carriers in addition to the process of establishing the relationship. The organization can implement In-House relationship where it can hire trucks for transportation and distribution of its products. Today, the transportation sector has transformed and for many companies, it is not a wise business decision to own their own trucks. Moreover, the companies have chosen to get rid of the hassle of having their own trucks and letting another company become their In-House carrier (Cai, Chen Hsiao, 2013). As a way of establishing such a relationship, Wal-Mart needs to plan appropriately and ensure that communication lines are open. There should also be risks and/or reward sharing where each of the parties involved are liable. By so doing, the company will ensure that customers get value for their money in terms of quality of goods and services delivered. It will also ensure that nothing i s damaged in the course of transportation and distribution of the goods. Additionally and as already indicated, there should be trust and commitment between Wal-Mart and its In-House carriers. Conclusion Looking at what has been discussed above, transportation and distribution management refers to a system that enables companies to control their international and domestic transportation, addressing supply chain complexities with integration to partner systems and one control layer for watching the lifecycle of transportation. We have also looked at the three main aspects of this particular system which are incoterms selection consideration, carrier selection criteria, and carrier relationship management. Wal-Mart has been chosen as the organization for study where today, it is acknowledged as the largest retailer in the globe, having over 250 million customers and over 11,000 stores. Notably, transportation and distribution management can be quite stressful, particularly if an organization constantly finds itself relying on load boards for finding carriers at the very last minute of a shipment. It is in such situations that companies find themselves desperate to make decisions that a re not suitable. Thus, the strongest and most triumphant freight brokerage operations are those who take time to establish firm, long-lasting relationships with their carriers. It is also clear that Wal-Marts latest supply chain undertaking dubbed Must Arrive By Date (MABD) will have influential implications for carriers and shippers in that it will cause many companies to reassess their carrier performance and capabilities. References Abel-Maksoud, A., Kawam, M. (2009). Relationships amongst value creating variables in an international freight forwarding and logistics firm: Testing for casuality. Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research. Pp. 63 78. Anderson, S.W., Dekker, H.C. (2009). Strategic cost management in supply chains, Part 1: Structural cost management. Accounting Horizons. Pp. 201 220. Bitran, G.R., Gurumurthi, S., Shiou, L.S. (2007). The need for third-party coordination in supply chain governance. MIT Sloan Management Review. Pp. 30 37. Blanchard, D. (2010). Supply Chain Management: Best practices. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Bowersox, D., Closs, D., Cooper, M.B. (2009). Supply chain logistics management. 3rd Edition. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Bowersox, D.J., Closs, D.J., Cooper, M.B. (2013). Supply chain logistics management. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Cai, G., Chen, Y., Hsiao, L. (2013). Probabilistic selling, channel structure, and supplier competition. Decision Sciences, 44(2). Pp. 267 296. Chopra, S., Meindl, P. (2009). Supply chain management: Strategy, planning, and operation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice-Hall. Gattorna, J. (2009). Dynamic supply chain alignment: A new business model for peak performance in enterprise supply chains across all geographies. Farnham, England: Gower Pub. Heizer, J.H. (2013). Operations management. New York: Pearson. Transportation and Distribution Management Question: Discuss about the Transportation and Distribution Management. Answer: Introduction Ultra Design is an original brand manufacturer that manufactures modern quality designer clothes for its diverse market in the whole world. The company operates as a multidimensional company that has different departments including the transport and distribution department. The company is greatly involved in the overseas trade where it uses shipping companies to transport and market its products in other countries. It provides the customers across the world with the best brand of clothes depending on their requirements and is made possible through shipping services. The company dominates the textile industry across the world. In relation to this, Ultra Design Company mostly faces transportation challenges due to the ever increasing demand for its brand products and as such it requires a strong and professionally run transport and distribution department. This essay deals with the incoterms or the terms used in the international transport arena. It takes into account the carrier relationship especially the procedures for selecting the best means of transport to use in the distribution of the brand products. In addition, the essay is concerned with relationships of the company with the transportation companies. Basically the whole essay will revolve around incoterms, carrier selection and carrier relationship and will integrate the role of a manager on the same. Incoterms selection criteria Incoterms refers to a combination of policies and rules set for the international operation and the interpretation of the often operationalized terms and vocabularies used in operation of the international trade (Del Rosal Fernndez, 2013). More often, as a transport manager I highly use incoterms to eliminate misunderstandings that may develop in daily contracts engaged in the global business. The bargaining and negotiation terms are involve in getting into special terms and mutual agreements between the companys stakeholders (Del Rosal Fernndez, 2013).Basically, the terms used in the trade are mostly professional and with in-depth meanings whereby the shipping partners involved for transportation need to incorporate a third party. The party incorporated help to foster a productive discussion during negotiations on transportation of clothes globally (Ding, 2012). Upon transportation of clothes, multiple terms are considered in explaining the trades details such as consignee, shipping invoice and letter of hypothecation. The incoterms are so effective in their operations since they are strictly administered and regulated by the body called the international chamber of commerce (ICC). The rules are upgraded every ten years to ensure conformity with the international standards. As the transport manager of Ultra Design Company, I optimally utilize the incoterms to facilitated effective transportation of clothes. Mostly, I use terms such as ex-works, free carrier, carriage paid to and delivered duty paid during daily operations and interactions with companys clients (B?lun?, 2012). In my managerial position, I work on mitigating risks by considering international trade terms on interaction with different communities in clothes distribution. For sea transport industry, there are four classes of terms that need to be clearly understood before clothes transportation. The E terms relate to scenarios where the seller has no obligation to deliver goods to the buyer. Secondly, the F term occurs where the seller has an obligation to deliver goods to a carrier hired by the buyer (Choudhary Shankar, 2013). Also, the C terms obligate the seller to enter into a contract with the carrier but does not bear the risk of loss of the goods in case they become damaged during shipment. Finally, the D terms occur in scenarios where the seller agrees to cater for all costs incurred during the transportation of clothes to the buyers. In most scenarios, the most reliable term for the clothes company in relation to shipping company is the C-term. Particularly, most sea transporters use the Cost Insurance and Freight (CIF) since it entails better terms of the shipment method (Ng, 2014). Shippers prefer the term since its most convenient for them and due to lesser risks. In conclusion, the advanced level of technology requires all transporters to use very efficient up to date methods of shipping so as to compete favorably with the global competitors in line of clothes distribution. Diagram showing the payers of carrier charges and terms associated Carrier selection criteria When selecting the appropriate method Ultra Design Company can use to effectively transport the brand clothes to the required destinations, extra care must be considered to effectively select an efficient and most secure means of transporting the products. In addition, aspects such as safety, speed, reliability, costs and incidences of loss must be considered (Panda, Iyer b Ma, 2012). The process of carrier selection is very crucial in any company involved in goods that require transportation over long distances. As the transport manger of Ultra Design Company, my main aim is to select the best means to transport our cargo. All companies aim at achieving optimum services from the companies they contract. An effective contract will require all parties involved to be considered (Panda, Iyer b Ma, 2012). Our company aims at the best service while the transport provider looks forward to the optimum return in terms of money from the services they offer. In this regard, there is a periodic al carrier evaluation after the contract is awarded to ensure close monitoring of the operations of the firm to ensure the security of the clothes. The carrier selection criteria adopted in return affects the seller-buyer relations. A transportation company that has highly efficient services helps to build a strong and cordial relationship with the buyers and sellers of the product the transporter carries (Stadtler, 2015). There are multiple factors to consider when making the choice of what the carrier to use. To begin, the capacity of the carrier is a very crucial consideration and only carriers with the ability to handle a specific task should be allocated to perform it (Stadtler, 2015). The financial ability of the carrier should also be considered so as to avoid delays due to financial shortages. The carriers level of technological advancement should also be taken into consideration since it enhances efficiency of the services. The flexibility of the operations of a carrier should also be considered. A flexible carrier is able to provide better services since it works with the schedule of the clients and offers personalized services (Dekker et al, 2013). Optimal pricing can also be another factor to consider. Finally, optimal prices do not necessarily mean lowest prices. The prices charged should tally with the quality of the service offered. As the transport manager of Eco Transit Company, I ensure that all the above characteristics are met. To survive in a competitive industry of our times, effective characteristics of any industry must be adopted. However, deregulation has greatly impacted on the transport sector (Dekker et al, 2013). The Increased competition due to search for profits, has led to the adoption of client-tailored services (Dekker et al, 2013). The transportation sector has been fragmented into different segments based on customer abilities. Our company always goes for the best transport provider after the consideration of all basis of the company. Following this, cordial relationships between the sellers and the importers must be upheld to ensure that best services are offered to the clients at the most optimal prices that reflect the value they get from the services they receive as explained by the diagram below. Carrier Relationship Management The transportation operation is critical in the facilitation of the logical operation of Ultra Design Company. The improvement of the transportation performance depends on the kind of relationship formed between the company and its carriers (Shang Lu, 2012). There exists the need to attain a closer relationship between the Ultra Design Company and the carriers. This includes heightening the level of service delivery, trust and increasing the number at which the company communicates with their carriers (Fontana et al, 2014). Proper management of carrier relationship in regard to Ultra Design Company intensively results to customer satisfaction (Shang Lu, 2012). Carrier relationship management is also driven by a metric that boosts the companys performance in clothes distribution. In the first place, the metric focuses on timely delivery of cargos. The need to satisfy the customers is thus achieved (Stadtler, 2015). Through this, on time delivery of clothes impacts on facilitation of efficiency and effectiveness of carrier distribution networks which in return results to the good relationship between the carrier and the company (Stadtler, 2015). As a transport manager in Ultra Design Company, I works towards maintaining a proper relationship on shipping company in order to improve profitability. A recommendable relationship between the company and the carrier exists through which carrier deeply understands the prioritized need of the company and vice versa. Based on this, a good relationship is enhanced. The diagrammatic representation in figure 1 below shows how a good relationship exists in the shipping business environment. There exists both the companies and carrier needs that must be taken into account in order boost their relationship. The companys common needs involve the pricing terms on the goods transit. The Ultra Design Company take into consideration on amount of money to be charge shipment of clothes. The existing relationship aim at instilling a positive customer service that would create a platform where a carrier may provide the company with dedicated customer care services (Panda, Iyer Ma, 2012). As a result of these activities, a good relationship is built between the company and the carriers. In addition, carriers should consider certain needs which should be known by the company in order to work under that perimeter. These needs may include the improvement on the accessibility of clothes delivery points. Finally, as a transport manager for Ultra Design Company, I consider paying shipping company on time so as to motive them to work at their level best. Driving my point on this, I can highly recommend on appropriate ways of improving the relationship between the company and the carrier. The company managerial personnel should be deeply committed to the carrier. This will as a results lead to carrier higher commitment to the organizations activities. Secondly, I would highly recommend the incorporation of technology in boosting a company and carrier relationship. It will be as result of the provision of real-time data that will be represented in technological ways. Conclusion The incoterm possesses some terms that eliminate misunderstanding that develops in the day to day buying construct engaged in global business. Incoterms are effective in the operation since they are strictly administered and regulated by the international chamber of commerce. Incoterms are used to mitigate against possible risks in international trade. With advancement in technology, the application of incoterm has been enhanced. In addition, the carrier selection criteria exists as methods that shippers can use effectively in delivery of goods. In relation to this, it clearly explains the methods to follow in selecting a carrier. 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