Write a memo describing how to make right business decisions for Essay

3 Steps to Acing Your Upcoming Group Interview You’ve been approached in for a board meet. Perhaps you’re threatened. Perhaps frightened. Possibly you’re not even sure you comprehend what that really involves. Whatever your degree of fear, here are three simple strides to traversing your board meet tranquilly and in one piece. Stage 1: BEFOREYou reserve the privilege to ask who will be on your board. Do this. At that point inquire about each board part as well as could be expected. You’ll have the option to make sense of a considerable amount and get ready better for what each may be generally quick to ask you. What does this specific gathering of individuals educate you regarding what the organization is attempting to assess?You can likewise ask to what extent (generally) the meeting should last. This will give you a nice sentiment for what amount to and fro conversation will be conceivable, how much space you’ll be given to pose inquiries, to what extent your answers can be, etc.Step 2: DURING Treat every individual on the board like an individual not simply one more anonymous face. This isn't an indifferent divider asking you inquiries. Every questioner on your board is another chance to make a human association and persuade that a lot more individuals in the organization what an extraordinary fit you would be.Be sure to observe everybody’s name as they are presented. Record every one if that causes you recall. When responding to questions, talk straightforwardly to the person who asked, yet then attempt to widen your answer out to cause the remainder of the board to feel remembered for the discussion.Step 3: AFTERYou’ve took in their names and put forth an attempt to interface with each board part presently thank every single one of them earnestly withâ solid eye to eye connection and a quality handshake. From that point forward, it’s the typical post-meet follow-up methodology. Be that as it may, recall that you have to keep in touch with one card to say thanks for each board part. It appears to be a torment, however it’s these little contacts that will help set you apart.The board talk with: 6 hints for previously, during, and after

ITPM Best Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ITPM Best Practices - Essay Example ITPM best act of moving gradually, that is, beginning with the littler spending classifications altogether improves the arrival on speculations. Executing ITPM as a piece of an enormous IT administration program improves the estimation of IT interests in an association. The ITPM procedure is the equivalent yet the methodology may contrast contingent upon the sort of business and the needs set for the general objectives inside the association. For instance, ITPM approach in an assembling organization varies from the methodology in a professional workplace. Assembling businesses ventures are not lined up with the assets that they execute or distribute for their regions since numerous items are squandered and during assembling, and there is a high-turnover pace of work that prompts diminished efficiency (Best Practices in IT Portfolio Management, n.d). Ending the hazard, Avoidance - It is considered as the best procedure and subsequently more exertion ought to be put resources into exploring it at every possible opportunity. Shirking or disposal necessitates that an assignment or undertaking isn't done later on. It additionally implies that a procedure or work is overhauled in order to stay away from the hazardous advance. Moving the hazard, Transfer - In the exchange, another gathering is caused to acknowledge the hazard through contracting or supporting. A case of hazard move is the protection that utilizations contracts. Likewise, support chiefs or financier firms use supporting to oversee monetary dangers. Rewarding the hazard, Mitigation - It includes decreasing the effect of a specific hazard. The methodology is viewed as when the hazard isn't avoidable or transferable, and subsequently, the technique is required to keep the misfortune or harm at worthy levels. Best Practices in IT Portfolio Management: MIT Sloan Management Review. (n.d.). MIT Sloan Management Review RSS. Recovered from

Contributors Regarding Consumer Retention †Myassignmenthelp.Com

The Blocking of Viber in Saudi Arabia Mansour Alaithan Ali alakalifa Presentation What’s Viber ? Viberâ is an application for moment messagingâ also for Voice over IP (VoIP) for savvy phonesâ owned by Viber Media. Voice informing as well as clients capable send and get pictures, video and sound media messages, Viber was established by four Israeli accomplices and they are Talmon Marco, Igor Megzinik, Sani Maroli and Ofer Smocha. Viber Mediais enlisted as a Cyprus organization in Las Vegasâ and its improvement habitats situated in Belarus and Israel. The foundeders of the organization are Talmon Marcoâ and Igor Megzinik, who are companions from the Israel Defense Forces. The organization is running from Israel, with parcel of the app’s improvements redistributed to Belarus so as to bring down work costs. It was established in 2010, with the four Israeli co-proprietor of the organization who have each expanded their abuse by in excess of multiple times on the new companies $900 million deal to Rakuten. What was the deal? In March Saudi government have cautioned encoded informing administrations like Viber and others that would be blocked in the event that they don’t gave a way to be checked. The head chief Marco had wouldn't give the mentioned information to Saudi authorities. It was normal that Vibers free voice calls and content informing administration is done working in Saudi Arabia isn't totally surprising. Telecoms controller of Saudi Arabia had cautioned them additionally cautioned Skype and WhatsApp .they would be blocked on the off chance that they didn't give the date mentioned . Saudis and exiles that lives in Saudi Arabia were incited by this notice to challenge this move. Others began to blue pencil their messages, in the event that they were at that point being checked. The head chief disclosed to BBC that Saudi IPS and portable administrator started to requesting data about the inward activities of the administration two or three months prior of that time . Bypassing the issue: Marco said Viber had confronted a similar issue of obstructing the application in other province. There, he said he accepted the rationale was political, however in Saudi Arabia it was hazy whether business interests may likewise be in question. Marco ( the leader of the informing application) Viber has said individuals in Saudi Arabia have had fundamental opportunities removed, after his administration was hindered there. So we face here an ability to speak freely issue . The head director Marco told the BBC he didn't have the foggiest idea about the explanation behind the move, however that Viber would be reestablished soon. So this difficult ascents couple of inquiry, similar to what is the significance of the right to speak freely of discourse, what are the cutoff points and law in Saudi Arabia, and what the moral issue did Viber ascends by not giving data. what is the importance of the right to speak freely of discourse Opportunity of speechis the common option to interface ones assessments and thoughts. The word opportunity of expressionis once in a while utilized equivalently, yet contains any demonstration of looking for, getting and telling data or thoughts, in any case the medium utilized. Rules confine discourse with fluctuating cutoff points. Regular cutoff points on discourse identify with defame, libel,â obscenity,â sedition,â pornography, incitement,â fighting words,â classified information,â hate speech,â copyright violation,â trade secrets,â non-revelation agreements,â right to be forgotten,â right to protection, open security,â public nuisance,â public request, battle account reformâ andâ oppression. Regardless of whether these cutoff points can be faultless under the harmbe dependent upon in the case of controlling a third partys sentiments or exercises hurtfully to the subsequent party establishes such mischief or not. The words offense guideline is likewise usedto develop the scope of free discourse cutoff points to prohibit types of articulation where they are estimated hostile to individuals, distinctive intrigue gatherings or people. For instance, the right to speak freely of discourse is restricted in numerous standards to extensively various evaluations bysystems, religiousorâ incitement to ethnic or racial hatredrules. Security Security is the endowment of an individual or gathering to isolate themselves, or data about themselves, and along these lines distinct themselves specifically. The cutoff points and substance of what is estimated private differ among societies and people, yet share normal subjects. When something is private to an individual, it for the most part implies that something is fundamentally exceptional or touchy to them. The area of protection mostly overlays security, which can incorporate the thoughts of fitting use, just as barrier of data. Security may likewise take the technique of substantial trustworthiness. The privilege not to be exposed to illicit intrusion of protection by the administration, organizations or people is a piece of numerous nations security laws, and now and again, sytheses. Practically all nations have laws which here and there bound protection. A case of this would be law concerning evaluation, which typically require the dissemination of data about close to home pay or income. In certain nations singular security may conflict with the right to speak freely of discourse laws and a few laws may require open uncover of data which would be estimated private in different nations and societies. Security might be eagerly relinquished, typically in return for pronounced advantages and all the time with precise threats and misfortunes, while this is a vital perspective on human relations. In the business world, an individual may concur individual subtleties (often for promoting purposes) so as to wager on winning a prize. Private data which is willfully shared yet then taken or abused can boss to fraud. what are the cutoff points and law in Saudi Arabia Human rights in Saudi Arabia are proposed to be made on the Hanbali Islamic strict laws under complete standard of the Saudi regal family. Saudi Arabia has a Counter-Radicalization Program the drive of which is to battle the spread and intrigue of exorbitant convictions among the general crowded and to bestow the genuine estimations of the Islamic confidence, for example, resilience and control. This resistance and control has been named into issue by The Baltimore Sun, in light of the reports from Amnesty International with respect to Raif Badawi. Discourse, the press and different strategies for informative media, containing TV and radio telecom and Internet gathering, are effectively edited by the administration to forestall political resistance and anything esteemed, by the legislature, to be hostile to the Wahhabi culture or Islamic profound quality. In 2008, an observable Saudi blogger and reformist Fouad al-Farhan was confined for posting remarks online that were perilous of Saudi business, strict and media figures, connoting a move by the administration to step up its restriction polices of the Internet inside its cutoff points. Online internet based life has logically gone under government scan for managing the taboo points. In 2010 a Saudi man was rebuffed and given prison time for his explicitly intriguing YouTube video making. That equivalent year another man was likewise confined and requested to pay a fine for egotistical about his sexual coexistence on TV. Furthermore, there is a great deal of different models occurred with comparative issues. It show that the low in Saudi Arabia doesn't endure any activity that against the religion or the security of the nation in at any rate and permitting a free call like Viber and other that share huge amounts of data without being screen by the administration is can cause an encroachment of the principles in Saudi Arabia . That’s add a stars to the Saudi Arabia side that they reserve a privilege to request data. It’s the nation rights to find and quest for wrongdoings and ensure the religions lows. Yet at the same time one issue is the security of the individuals and that’s an aces in Viber side. So how this issue is unscrupulous to security and what are the cutoff points and the idea of protection in Saudi Arabia Protection in Saudi Arabia Information Safety under Shariah Values Shariah morals secure each individual’s right to protection and restrict any ambushes subsequently. In Shariah standards, disclosure of privileged insights is illegal with the exception of bury alia where the proprietor of the important mystery consents to such admission or if the open consideration requires so. The Holy Qu’ran and the Sunnah don't indicate a ramification for disclosure of privileged insights; in any case, as explained above, such discharge might be deserving of a worth that an appointed authority, in his carefulness, regards right and reasonable. Such result may incorporate a fine, detainment or shortage of specific rights, for example, suspension of a rehearsing permit. Information Protection under Saudi Arabian Law by and large, there is no accurate information insurance law in KSA. In this way, without explicit necessities on information insurance, Saudi Arabian courts and adjudicatory bodies will comprehend i nformation security maltreatment under general Shariah standards, which are, as portrayed above, frequently sent when all is said in done terms and bear the cost of courts and adjudicatory bodies tremendous watchfulness. We see, in any case, that another individual information security law is under audit by the Shura Council Conversations and Recommendations The Saudi government ought to reserve the option to ensure its kin and the entire framework. In the mean time the Viber needs to give the security to its client which is the thing that individuals needs. Saudi Arabia follows the Shariah which demonstrated the protection to individuals , and that why it ought to and not square it just to screen the clients private message in KSA , and by return it and unblock the administration , they’ve made the best choice . Ends Saudi Arabia attempted to give the security to individuals yet didn't places in check the other essential thing right which is giving protection to individuals. References: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-center east-22806848 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viber#Company http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia#Freedom_of_press_and_communication Information Protection in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Primer Noor Al-Fawzan and Omar Elsayed

WHAT I HAD TO DO: We had to create a program that would read the users :: Computer Science

WHAT I HAD TO DO: We needed to make a program that would peruse the clients input, process it and show the outcomes. HOW I CREATED THE PROGRAM: For this instructional exercise I utilized lblrpompt, txttemperature, cmdctof, cmdftoc, what's more, cmdexit. Self-improvement PLAN Presentation I have been approached to set up an individual report that addresses my way to deal with learning and gives an intelligent record of my encounters, of completing a progression of programming exercises. The report that I will make is a reflection upon my group and communitarian exercises, working in a gathering. WEEK 3 INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING AND VISUAL BASIC Computerized CLOCK eleventh to seventeenth October WHAT I HAD TO DO: We needed to intelligently structure a computerized clock program. The program must be structured in a manner for articles to react to occasions. HOW I CREATED THE PROGRAM I utilized a name to show the framework time in, as the prerequisite was to program items to react to occasions. I utilized a name called lblToday on the grounds that marks are compartments for programs-created messages. They have properties, for example, name, inscription, textual style and so forth. I characterized my name with the name lblToday so I could show the right date at the time at runtime by composing the guidance lblToday.Caption=Time$. As the time would not change in the event that I showed the time on form_load I needed to discover an article from the tool stash which resembled a clock and at that point I put it onto my structure. I at that point changed the interim property to 1000, this was to show 1000 milliseconds. I likewise did this for the default occasion for the time article and afterward showed the time in my mark. MY PROBLEMS AND HOW I OVERCAME THEN Planning an advanced clock program utilizing visual essential was a very testing yet intriguing errand for me as I had never gone over utilizing visual essential. From the outset I thought that it was somewhat of a battle to get utilized the program and how to utilize it suitably. Despite the fact that the takes note of that were given were very clear and when I read them I thought that making the program would be simple, anyway when I put the notes into training I discovered it very hard. The undertaking was very befuddling particularly the coding and getting it right, supposing that there was indeed, even a slight mistake the program would not run effectively. Another issue I confronted while structuring this program was that when I put the clock onto the structure and ran the program the clock would not show accurately. So as to take care of my issues I counseled my gathering and

Essay Topics for Current Events

Essay Topics for Current EventsIn this era of hectic living, where many people are spending more time at work and even away from home, current events essays have become a highly popular option for students looking to broaden their academic knowledge and write more creative, innovative, and engaging essay topics. However, if you are considering a current events essay for your course, it is important to get the best out of it. Just because it is easier for some to do, it doesn't mean that others can write better. Here are a few tips to help you get started in the right direction:The first step to writing a current events essay is thinking about the topic itself. Before you start writing, consider what interests you the most. Do you enjoy discussions of current events, or do you have an interest in one country or event? Or perhaps, you are interested in a single major event that happened around the world?Writing a current events essay involves thinking of how to present the information and discuss the event. For example, you could start by presenting information from a particular news report, video, or other media; go into detail on one aspect of the current events such as a particular social issue, war, protests, or a certain political figure. After presenting the current events information, you could finish up with a conclusion about the current events, and then add an essay question at the end.You must also consider how you want to present your current events essay. Write about what you feel is most important in the event; is it the actions, the motives, or the reason behind the event? Consider the importance of the current events in the history of your life, and make sure you write about the role the current events play in your life.After you have decided on your current events essay topics, you should begin to think about ways to use them. It can be challenging to choose the best topics for your essay. When you are just starting out, you may have more luck wi th short, fresh current events articles than longer, more creative essay topics.The second step to writing a current events essay is finding a trustworthy, reliable writer to help you with your essay. There are many writers on the Internet who specialize in current events topics. They may not offer much free advice, but they may provide you with valuable feedback. Also, a skilled writer can sometimes improve a student's work by focusing on ideas that are specific to the events and that do not fall flat.Lastly, when you are planning your current events essay, think about how the writing process will differ from other essay topics. Some current events have more depth, including history, politics, history, and more history, which require the writer to follow a specific structure and keep up with the current events as they unfold. Other current events tend to have a theme, but the writer can still create his own ideas about the current events. By following these steps, you can have the best current events essay you've ever written.

How to Make a Magazine in 12 Steps

Magazines are visually pleasing, fun to read, and provide an ideal platform to sell goods and services. You can design a great-looking print or digital magazine by following these steps. Want to follow along? This post will walk you through how to make a magazine with our customizable magazine templates. Create a free account to follow the tutorial.Give us a try. Sign up free or sign up with google By signing up you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy 1. Pick your topic You can't have a magazine without a subject. Think about your area of expertise and the audience you are aiming for. Whether you're putting together a catalog showcasing handmade jewelry or knit caps, or a glossy magazine with lush photography for the tourism board, you need a clear, unifying topic. Some potential topics to spark your interest are music, film, travel, current events, fashion, health and fitness, recreation, sports, gardening, and interior decoration. When you have deep knowledge of a topic, your readership will be more engaged with your magazine. 2. Choose a title I've decided to create a travel magazine. Your title should be succinct and to the point. Remember that your title will represent your brand over time (in the case of some magazines, hundreds of years) and across platforms. 3. Choose your cover article Every magazine has a cover article which receives the bulk of attention, both in design and content. In a celebrity-focused magazine, this will be an in-depth interview with the star on the cover. In our travel magazine, the cover image will highlight a destination which will be covered in detail inside. In this case, we've called our cover article "Travel of the Month." 4. Find your cover image What makes a compelling cover? Your eye is drawn to the top and center of the page, so your cover image should have its most interesting elements there. A handy design element to use is the rule of thirds. In Lucidpress, you can add guides by right-clicking the canvas or dragging lines from the ruler. When our magazine cover is divided into a 3 x 3 grid, you can see that the masthead is in the upper third, the feature articles are in the lower third, and our eye is drawn to the palm trees at the intersection of the grid lines. Make sure you are using a high-quality image. A minimum of 300 ppi is necessary for print magazines. Your cover image is what is going to draw your audience in. It should match the topic of your magazine, be large and easy to take in at a glance, and have appealing colors. In Lucidpress, double-click the cover image to replace it with your own. 5. Design your masthead The brand of a magazine is defined by its masthead. Time, Vogue, and National Geographic all have iconic mastheads. These publications use serif fonts. Billboard, GQ, and Glamour use sans serif fonts. The use of the same typeface issue after issue builds a consistent brand, while designers can play with the color of the text to match the cover image. Decide if your masthead will be in front of your cover photo or behind it. For this magazine, we've placed the title in front of the image. Choose your style: Is your magazine sophisticated or playful? What is your niche? Is it focused on design, travel, gardening or pop culture? Since this magazine is focused on travel, we've opted to use nature-inspired greens and whites. You need to match the font, color scheme, and design with the feel of your magazine. Here, we use a modern-looking sans serif font with a teal banner underneath the title. Now our audience will know what to look for in future issues. 6. Write body articles A magazine's articles are often its biggest draw. Decide whether you will draft all the pieces in-house, or whether you will rely on freelance authors or other outside contributors. Depending on the scope and size of your magazine, this process may take weeks or months. If a magazine is a college campus publication, there will be staff writers, editors, and requests for outside submissions. For a professionally produced magazine, the scope will be even wider. In Lucidpress, you can drag and drop content from Google Drive directly onto the canvas. Instead of sending drafts back and forth to various contributors, every designer and writer can comment and edit simultaneously in the magazine itself. This video shows how members of your team can collaborate in Lucidpress: Lucidpress in 60 seconds on Vimeo. 7. Incorporate graphics Just having a great cover image is not enough—your magazine needs to have interesting photos and graphics throughout. In a visual medium, you will draw your readers in by having high-quality images accompany your articles. In Lucidpress, it's simple to import your images from third-party storage services. Just drag the image icon from the content bar onto the canvas. You will have the option to upload images from your computer, Flickr, Facebook, Dropbox or Google Search. In the template, the images are tied by the common theme of travel. Certain colors, like terra cotta tan, light sky blue and deep green, are featured prominently. Tying your images together by theme, color or style will give consistency to your layout. 8. Decide on feature articles Decide on feature articles; besides the cover article, you should choose two or three articles to highlight on the cover. These should be articles of top interest to your readers. On this cover, we've emphasized Angkor Wat and the Coliseum. Page numbers help readers know where to turn to read more. In choosing your feature articles, ask yourself what the longest or best-researched articles in this edition are. 9. Place thumbnails When placing thumbnails, make sure the images complement the background while still standing out. In the Lucidpress template, we've created a transparent banner to offset the feature article thumbnails. It's a white box set to 60% opacity. Additionally, we've placed a bar code and a URL to the magazine website. This helps readers know where to go for online articles and other web-exclusive content. You can use Lucidpress to build iPad-optimized magazines with embedded video and scrolling areas. 10. Create table of contents Once you've assembled all of your articles and their accompanying images, build a table of contents. Lucidpress makes it easy to align elements on your page. In our table of contents on page 3 of the template, you can select multiple objects. Hold Shift and you can change the alignment, box color, text size and typeface of multiple elements at once. 11. Back page Among wide-circulation magazines, the back page will often be a full-page advertisement. In Lucidpress, click the Add Page button to add a back cover to the template. You can add a blank page or choose from the pre-made page styles. 12. Notes on printing This template is designed for print magazines. There are several things to keep in mind if you print your magazine. Here are a few: Paper quality — Magazines should be on glossy paper for the best image quality. Consult with a professional printer about the right weight and size for your project. Layout — Because of the nature of magazines, you will need to double check to ensure that your pages will be laid out as expected. Full-bleed — You can add a bleed to your document so there are no blank edges on your pages. A bleed is similar to a wider margin which is then trimmed in the printing process. Magazines are entertaining, drive sales, and are fun to peruse both on paper and on screen. With Lucidpress as your magazine publishing and design software, you'll be excited about the results. Whether your magazine takes you to far-off places or keeps you close to home, these free magazine templates are a great starting point.

What Is a Sampling Distribution

Statistical sampling is used quite often in statistics. In this process, we aim to determine something about a population. Since populations are typically large in size, we form a statistical sample by selecting a subset of the population that is of a predetermined size. By studying the sample we can use inferential statistics to determine something about the population. A statistical sample of size n involves a single group of n individuals or subjects that have been randomly chosen from the population. Closely related to the concept of a statistical sample is a sampling distribution. Origin of Sampling Distributions A sampling distribution occurs when we form more than one simple random sample of the same size from a given population. These samples are considered to be independent of one another. So if an individual is in one sample, then it has the same likelihood of being in the next sample that is taken. We calculate a particular statistic for each sample. This could be a sample mean, a sample variance or a sample proportion. Since a statistic depends upon the sample that we have, each sample will typically produce a different value for the statistic of interest. The range of the values that have been produced is what gives us our sampling distribution. Sampling Distribution for Means For an example, we will consider the sampling distribution for the mean. The mean of a population is a parameter that is typically unknown. If we select a sample of size 100, then the mean of this sample is easily computed by adding all values together and then dividing by the total number of data points, in this case, 100. One sample of size 100 may give us a mean of 50. Another such sample may have a mean of 49. Another 51 and another sample could have mean of 50.5. The distribution of these sample means gives us a sampling distribution. We would want to consider more than just four sample means as we have done above. With several more sample means we would have a good idea of the shape of the sampling distribution. Why Do We Care? Sampling Distributions may seem fairly abstract and theoretical. However, there are some very important consequences from using these. One of the main advantages is that we eliminate the variability that is present in statistics. For instance, suppose we start with a population with a mean of ÃŽ ¼ and standard deviation of ÏÆ'. The standard deviation gives us a measurement of how spread out the distribution is. We will compare this to a sampling distribution obtained by forming simple random samples of size n. The sampling distribution of the mean will still have a mean of ÃŽ ¼, but the standard deviation is different. The standard deviation for a sampling distribution becomes ÏÆ'/√ n. Thus we have the following A sample size of 4 allows us to have a sampling distribution with a standard deviation of ÏÆ'/2.A sample size of 9 allows us to have a sampling distribution with a standard deviation of ÏÆ'/3.A sample size of 25 allows us to have a sampling distribution with a standard deviation of ÏÆ'/5.A sample size of 100 allows us to have a sampling distribution with a standard deviation of ÏÆ'/10. In Practice In the practice of statistics, we rarely form sampling distributions. Instead, we treat statistics derived from a simple random sample of size n as if they are one point along a corresponding sampling distribution. This emphasizes again why we desire to have relatively large sample sizes. The larger the sample size, the less variation that we will obtain in our statistic. Note that, other than the center and spread, we are unable to say anything about the shape of our sampling distribution. It turns out that under some fairly broad conditions, the Central Limit Theorem can be applied to tell us something quite amazing about the shape of a sampling distribution.

Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From...

Daniela Reynoso October 26, 2014 Government I Iverson Fall 2014 Midterm Throughout history, there have been many significant documents and speeches that enlighten and inform us on what is and was happening during those times. Abraham Lincoln’s speech, The Perpetuation of our Political Institutions, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s Letter from Birmingham Jail are two important pieces of history. In Lincoln’s speech he speaks about the dangers of slavery in the United States and warned everybody that people who disrespected American laws could destroy the United States. On the other hand, Martin Luther King Jr. defended the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism, and argued that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws. Based on these facts, Martin Luther King Jr does not agree with Lincoln’s counsel. In Lincoln’s Speech he is developing on the idea that we are a democratic nation and we have to survive through all time because if we do not, we will not be a democracy anymore. It is either we stay demo cratic or commit suicide because there is no point in living if we are not democratic. Then, Lincoln continues to say that to avoid committing suicide (or to stay democratic) we have to follow all of our laws. We cannot let passion get in our way like it has before. For example, wanting more money or the development leading to slavery. We have to be reasonable, cold, and obey all the rules. Even though Lincoln does believe that there are bad and good laws,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail962 Words   |  4 Pagesintangible, it is still necessary. Some forms of inspiration come as passionate love while others appeal as injustice. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from Birmingham Jail was a response to A Call for Unity by eight white clergymen. His inspiration for writing the letter was the clergymens unjust proposals and the letter allowed him to present his rebuttal. Martin Luther King Jr. effectively crafted his counter argument by first directly addressing his audience, the clergymen, and then using logosRead MoreSociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail1214 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sociological Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail Abstract The paper analyses Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† from a sociological point of view and shows how three major theories (structural functionalism, social conflict, and symbolic interactionism) are treated in the letter. The paper shows different appreciation of King’s ideas and works by his contemporaries and modern people. It also explores the concepts of â€Å"nonviolentRead MoreAnalysis of Martin Luther King Jr. ´s Letter From Birmingham Jail771 Words   |  3 Pagesagainst the prejudice that they have to face, accomplish justice that every single one of them are fighting for. Dr. Martin Luther King, a leader of the protest against prejudice was able to pursue the rights for African American people. However eight of his fellow clergymen criticized his procedure to protest, but they still supported him. In the Letter from Birmingham Jail, King wanted to encourage others to rebel against the wrong, even if it is not wise it is right, he was optimistic and yetRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1399 Words   |  6 Pagesmade. For people who are oppressed, what they see as the greater good may be vastly different from the views of those who are unoppressed. Martin Luther King Jr. s, Letter from Birmingham Jail illustrates how a seemingly innocent attempt at gaining one s rights can be seen as controversial and wrong by others. King was put into jail because of the peaceful protests he led. To those who shared King s method of thought, nonviolence would have been the way to maximize the gains in society by allowingRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From A Birmingham Jail1493 Words   |  6 Pageswould have disagreed with this assertion, and died in part to keep this idea from spreading. Socrates was sentenced to death by an Athenian court, though the punishment did not fit the crimes he was accused of. We assume that any knowingly innocent person would have escaped this sentence if given the opportunity and support to do so, yet Socrates refused to and died soon after. Over 2,000 years later, Martin Luther King is also imprisoned on petty crimes and sees his actions in line with SocratesRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1794 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. s 1963 Letter from Birmingham Jail, a rhetorical masterpiece, was written in response to eight clergymen’s statements condemning his nonviolent direct actions. He defends the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights nonviolent, direct action against individuals, institutions, and laws that look the other way while unjust racial prejudice against African Americans runs rampant in Birmingham. Using three main appeals, Ethos, Pathos, Logos, Dr. King communicates the struggleRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From Birmingham Jail1251 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"A just law is a man-made code that square s with the moral law, or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law.† (3) In 1963 in this particular statement made by Martin Luther King Jr. in his Letter from Birmingham Jail, he explained how man-made (white men) laws were created to persecute the black race, and how it is his duty to fight against such laws. He was the one who articulated the progressive hope of many African Americans along with other â€Å"colored†Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1499 Words   |  6 Pagescritically we become acquainted with these concepts therefore become better writers ourselves. While learning about rhetorical writing and composition we have analyzed Billy Collins â€Å" Commencement Address at Choate- Rosemary Hall† , Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"letter from Birmingham Jail† and Lloyd Bitzer’s essay on â€Å"Rhetorical Situation†. In this paper I will analyze and make connections between the concepts of audience, genre and rhetorical situation in connection to the fore-mentioned readings. In doingRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1831 Words   |  8 Pageseffective when all three rhetorical appeals, Logos, Pathos, and Ethos, come together to form an indisputable argument. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X are two of the most influential figures of the past few decades; similarly, their work is summarized as some of the most persuasive and controversial of all time. The audience of both of their pieces, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† and â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† include oppressed African Americans and the white oppressors themselves. Each man takesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From A Birmingham Jail873 Words   |  4 PagesAfter criticism from eight Alabama clergymen for his nonviolent demonstrations, Martin Luther King Jr. was compelled to enlighten them on the current issues plaguing the African American community. During his confinement in a Birmingham jail, King wrote Letter from a Birmingham Jail to address most of the clergymen s concerns about his protest. In his letter, King emphasized why his actions were not unwise or untimely and explained that now was the perfect moment to act. His studies and sermons

Critical Analysis Of Henry David Thoreaus Civil Disobedience

Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) was an introspective who desired only a simple life and wandered the woods of Concord, Massachusetts journaling. How, then, did he influence such political icons as Mohandas Gandhi, Leo Tolstoy, and Martin Luther King Jr.? The answer lies in â€Å"Civil Disobedience† (1849). â€Å"Civil Disobedience† is an analysis of the individual’s relationship to the state and focuses mainly on why men obey laws even when they violate their own conscience. It is not an essay of abstract theory, but instead Thoreau’s extremely personal response to being imprisoned for breaking the law. Due to his detest of slavery and the tax revenues that supported of it Thoreau decided to become a tax rebel and thus was punished by the state.†¦show more content†¦A man should be allowed to be the man he imagines himself to be. Government should not be allowed intrude on our identities. This goes against the very foundations of this coun try. How anyone can disagree with this sentiment is beyond reason. Life is for living. Consider, each of us are a produced from greatly variying environments and thus have very different views, opinions, and moral convictions. No one and no thing should hinder us from appeasing our conscience by doing what naturally feels good and just. All things considered, to impede this pursuit of just behavior is to obstruct the betterment of humanity and is a despicable implementation of power. As sentient beings, we all feel as if we must be here for a reason and unearthing this purpose, which can be a life-long endeavor, is paramount to living an enjoyable and fulfilling life. By restricting man’s ability to follow his heart and forcing him to betray his soul’s desires the government is denying him the ability to grow, flourish, and live as the dynamic beings we are created to be. Our conscience is our driving force, it leads us throughout our lives and takes us places we may have thought we would never go. Ergo, constricting this force and twisting it to benefit the state is detrimental to the integrity of our journeys as individual beings. As Thoreau so thoughtfully put it: ’ The only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think right.’ WeShow MoreRelatedEssay about Henry David Thoreaus Enlightenment and Ideas 1355 Words   |  6 Pages Civil Disobedience is one of Henry David Thoreaus most famous essays. O ne of the major problems most critics see with this essay deals with Thoreaus seemingly contradictory statements about society from the beginning to the end. Barry Wood, a well-known critical writer, attributes this change in beliefs to the enlightenment of Thoreau in jail. While I agree with Wood that Thoreau does achieve a form of enlightenment, I will show that Thoreaus views regarding the society he lived in neverRead MoreHenry David Thoreau: The Grat Transcendentalist Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesHenry David Thoreau along with a select group of people propelled the short movement of transcendentalism during the 1830s to the 1850s and was later brought up during the Vietnam War. Many of the transcendentalist ideas came from student who attended Harvard University during this time period. Henry David Thoreau’s individualistic anarchist views on society were developed throughout his early life and later refined in his years of solitude; these views on society and governm ent are directly expressedRead MoreHenry David Thoreau1930 Words   |  8 PagesBiographical Summary Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts, and was the son of John Thoreau, a pencil maker, and Cynthia Dunbar (â€Å"Henry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ency. of World). Growing up in a â€Å"modest New England family,† Thoreau was one of four children and was accustomed to living practically (McElroy). As his family was â€Å"permanently poor,† he came to accept a moderate lifestyle, which may have later influenced his thoughts on the necessities of life (â€Å"Henry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ency. of World). As aRead MoreTranscendentalism in Civil Disobedience3710 Words   |  15 Pages Transcendentalism in Civil Disobedience Thoreaus Politics of Individuality and Nature Dannheisig 2 Contents Introduction 1. Transcendentalism a. Nature b. Introspective Conscience and Politics 2. Political Individualism a. Ethical and Political (In)justice b. Critique of Democracy Conclusion Bibliography 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Dannheisig 3 Introduction Henry David Thoreau was part of a movement called American Transcendentalism. To illuminate Thoreaus understanding of democracyRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Thoreau’s â€Å"Civil Disobedience†1570 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿AP Language Rhetorical Analysis of Thoreau’s â€Å"Civil Disobedience† Directions: Read â€Å"Civil Disobedience.† As you read, underline examples of Thoreau using rhetorical devices and identify and explain the devices via annotation. Answer questions 1-4 to prepare for further work with a small group. The group will work together on questions 5 through 8. Be ready to explain your answers to the whole class. Even when you’re working as a group you should be writing the answers. 1. Based on yourRead MoreHenry David Thoreau4404 Words   |  18 PagesHenry David Thoreau INTRODUCTION Henry David Thoreau was an American author, poet, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian , philosopher andtranscendentalist. Henry David Thoreau was a complex man of many talents who worked hard to shape his craft and his life. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moralRead MoreThe Great Traversers By Ralph Waldo Emerson2868 Words   |  12 PagesThe Great Traversers (A detailed look into three transcendental ideas, as presented by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau) In this spirit I have just discovered Emerson. For forty years I have known something about him, of course—that he was a mystical philosopher; the apostle of transcendentalism in America†¦.† (Abbot, lines 9-10). From within the text of the author of this quote, it can be seen the shear praise and gratitude held for a man by the name of Ralph Waldo Emerson. EmersonRead More Analysis of Conclusion of Thoreau’s Walden Essay2987 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of â€Å"Conclusion† of Thoreau’s Walden  Ã‚   The chapter entitled â€Å"Conclusion† is a fitting and compelling final chapter to Thoreau’s Walden. Throughout Walden, Thoreau delves into his surroundings, the very specifics of nature, and what he was thinking about, without employing any metaphors and including none of his poignant aphorisms. However, placed among these at-times tedious sections, come spectacular and wholly enjoyable interludes of great and profound thought from a writer thatRead MoreReference Letter from Employer5583 Words   |  23 Pagesalways the first to organize group activities and has very strong personal relationships both inside and outside the office environment. Finally, Johns unique combination of the above skills with a high level of moral and ethical standards have been critical to his personal and professional development. It is my belief that he will succeed in any undertaking largely because of his determination to adhere to these standards and accomplish his goals with integrity. I have only touched upon the most important

Best Buy Failure in China (International Business)

Introduction In the world today, there are many companies getting involved in international business, and developing to become a multinational company. Why do these firms want to take the multinational route? One of the dominant frameworks to explain the existence of these multinational companies is the Ownership-Location-Internalisation (OLI) paradigm (Dunning amp; Lundan 2008). Running an international business is different from running a domestic business. International business requires you to recognise and understand the cultural differences between countries. Failing to recognise and understand this difference could possibly lead to many difficulties, or worse still, failure. In this essay, I will be discussing the difficulties†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The lesson we learned is that we got too far ahead of the Chinese consumer in how business is done in China,† said Brian Dunn, Best Buy’s Chief Executive (Groth 2011). He said the company’s mistake had been to open big box stores with fixed prices that were staffed entirely by Best Buy’s blue-shirted employees (Jopson amp; Waldmeir 2011). Clearly, Best Buy entered the Chinese market in 2006 with a lack of knowledge of the local consumer’s culture. International strategy is a strategy where the firm uses the core competency, which it developed at home, as its main competitive weapon in the foreign market (Sumantra amp; Nitin 1993). This is the strategy which Best Buy used. The company did not enter China with the intention to hire local talent who knew how to be successful in China. Rather, it entered the country intending to create talent that knew how to be successful in the United States (Adam 2011). When the multinational first entered the Chinese market, many people hoped that it would successfully replace the prevailing, yet widely criticised Chinese business model that focused on price-centred competition (Ni 2011). Imposing their core competency in the US model, the company offered â€Å"a concept ahead of the consumer,† said retail analyst Paul French of Access Asia which was based in Shanghai (MacleodShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : International Marketing2073 Words   |  9 Pagesinternational marketing can include all these activites incluing licensing,importing and exporting, and franchising or the full direct entry of one country into another country for business objectives. This is achieved by one country exporting other countries’ products into its own business environment; it can also enter on franchising terms or through licensing in the country of interest, or direct investment in the foreign country. Market mix development involves product promotion, product pricingRead MoreWeek 4 Best Buy Case Study Homework Assignment904 Words   |  4 PagesOL-BA298 Week 4 Best Buy Case Study Homework Assignment; By Jeffrey Ray Jackson Sr. 09/03/2016. Through the course of the history of Best Buy as a firm, during and over the years, managerial changes have occurred, having being infrequent (meanings, rare, as uncommon, not occurring often, being exceptional) through internal leadership, had some-to-little impact about Best Buy’s overall strategy, because of promotions and managerial succession or managerial failure(s). Why did managerial have anyRead MoreWeek 4 Best Buy Case Study Homework Assignment1164 Words   |  5 PagesOL-BA298 Week 4 Best Buy Case Study Homework Assignment; By Jeffrey Ray Jackson Sr. 09/03/2016. Through the course of the history of Best Buy as a firm, during and over the years, managerial changes have occurred, having being infrequent, like rare, uncommon, not occurring often, nor being exceptional, through internal leadership. For this purpose, had little to some impact about Best Buy’s overall strategy, because of promotions and managerial succession or managerial failure(s). In contrast,Read MoreThe Significance of Cultural Differences for Foreign Companies in China and How to Overcome Them1900 Words   |  8 Pagescultural differences for international companies which want to set up a business in China. To do a clearly demonstration, I break it down into 3 parts: First is an example that the culture differences affect international companies in China; Second is the significance of these cultural differences; Third is how the companies would overcome them. For the first part, there will be examples of international companies which set up a business in China. As we know, since China joined the WTO in 2001, manyRead MoreReflection Journal in International Business1692 Words   |  7 Pagesgiven the slides by Mr Dasilva, my heart pounded. Oh no†¦. International Business. It sounded so global and dry. I was hoping that it will be somewhat similar like Marketing. However, we were told that International Business is defined as Globalisation of Business where countries are more integrated and are interdependent on world economy. Which is similar like Marketing but in a wider view. Approaching to the learning of International Business, students were told on the Problem Based Learning. We learnRead MoreText Synthesis Chapter 1 The Nature of Business Why do we study Business? Many people study1600 Words   |  7 PagesText Synthesis Chapter 1 The Nature of Business Why do we study Business? Many people study business because it offers so many career opportunities in general and plus everything that we deal in today society has to do with business. Think about the clothes, shoes, etc. you wearing today and then think of what business made it very possible for us to be wearing those merchandise and top of that it satisfied the sellers that’s buying the product this is called tangible and intangible good that provideRead MoreStarbuck1743 Words   |  7 Pagesexpend its business to other country around the world. However, each country owned and has an identity, a history, and culture. This requires to Starbucks to analyze the current market and adapt his offers according to the needs and mores (usages). There are several barriers facing Starbucks to the â€Å"teaching† people to change their consumption habits from tea and instant coffee. First of all, the major problem is that a cultural problem. In fact tea is still the number one beverage in China becauseRead MoreGlobal Business : Franchising Of Brazil1713 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Business - Franchising in Brazil 1. Country Background 1.1 Brazil - Federative Republic of Brazil 1.2 Neighboring countries include Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela (â€Å"Country Report – Brazil,† 2015). 1.3 The territorial size of the country is 8,515,800 sq. km 1.4 Brazil’s population is 201,032,714 (â€Å"Country Report – Brazil,† 2015). 1.5 Brazil’s political system is a federal republic and its Constitution confers powers toRead MoreInternational Market And Trade Research1486 Words   |  6 PagesInternational market and trade research is beyond the capabilities and needs of Irish based firms. This paper will discuss the most salient points surrounding the claim â€Å"International Market and Trade Research is beyond the capabilities and needs of Irish based firms† This will be done by briefly examining the issue, before addressing why this is the case, and then supporting the position with relevant examples. Before evaluating the claim further, the language and phrases used within must beRead MoreWhy Ebay Failed in Asia Essay696 Words   |  3 PagesPierre Omidyar founded EBay on September 3, 1995 after many years of successful business in the United States eBay decided to expand its business to Asia; unfortunately business was not as successful in Asia as it was in the United States. (1) Understanding the four principles of marketing will help explain why eBay did not succeed in Asia. Product, Place, Price and Promotion are rules that eBay did not take into consideration by or clearly understand before proceeding into unknown territory.

Metamorphosis Of The Traditional Accountant-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Metamorphosis Of The Traditional Accountant? Answer: Introducation An organisation mainly operates with the profit motive and it makes all the possible strategies which would help the organisation to maintain a competitive hold over the market. It is important to note that most of the organisations in the contemporary business environment have different divisions who make strategic decisions that help the organisation to operate effectively. In a comparatively bigger organisation it becomes complicated to manage all the decisions due to the differences among the various divisions of the organisation. Organisational excellence is the result of all the different divisions working together and hence it is important for the different divisions to communicate with each other in order to get effective insights to strategise the business operations. For instance it is important for an organisation to have the supply chain management communicating with the production division which would help to get the right kind of material and also for effective inventor y management. Similarly one case each department is connected with the other and this is what leads a company to success. Most regularly organisations face operational inefficiencies or errors due to the organisational structure. The present study will discuss the possible operational inefficiencies that could creep up due to the organisational structure and how it could be eliminated with the help of IT system acquisition (Jones and George, 2015). The latter half of the paper will discuss the development and adoption of accounting software, its market size and the possible challenges encountered by the users using them and the key reasons for these organisations to gain competitive advantage. Style runner is one of the leading fashion startups operating in Australia and it has been used for the completion of this study. Stylerunner is one of the emerging fashion organisations selling activewear that has caught the attention of the entire country talking about this wonderful success within a short period of time. The organisation sells the cloths online and has been able to develop a satisfied client base all across the country and also exports its products across different foreign locations. This clearly shows that the organisation has been able to achieve success within a short time but an organisation has to manage its internal and external environment in order to continue to sustain in the business map and for that it is important to have a stable organisational structure (Bolman and Deal, 2017). Hence it is important to discuss about the organisational structure of the organisation Stylerunner. The present organisational structure of Stylerunner is mainly functional where each and every department is focused on each others functions. In the contemporary market the companies have to adapt to new challenges and alterations and most of the organisations have complex organisational structure that leads to operational errors and clearly decreases the possibilities of gaining competitive advantage in the market (Ashkenas et al., 2015). In a functional organisational structure the organisation has to manage the internal and external stakeholders which becomes extremely challenging due to barriers set for the employees to get into the organisational decision making and this leaves them with absolutely no idea whatsoever about what decisions are being taken. In Stylerunner the functional organisational structure is being followed and the organisation has separate functional departments that work together for the overall management of operations. In this sort of organisational struct ure there is a president or CEO at the top which in this case are the two sisters Sali and Julie Stevenja and under them there are different functional departments like RD, finance, production, distribution, marketing et cetera. Hence whatever decision is made in these departments will have to come to the sisters for their approval and then the decision is made (Jones and George, 2015). The main operational error which is likely to take place in a functional organisational structure for this organisation is the problem in supply chain management. The organisation has wide range of activewear and hence it has to manage numerous suppliers and have to communicate with them properly. If the supply chain management is not properly managed the entire organisation will come down on its knees due to the improper distribution of products poor inventory management and improper information integration and communication for the different departments to make their decisions effectively (Myerson, 2012). Hence supply chain management issue is one of the major issues that the organisation Stylerunner could face in this scenario. Apart from that information distribution and communication stands to be another problem that could lead to operational inefficiencies within the organisation and so it is important that the organisation is able to make sure a proper system is implemented in order to manage the organisational operations effectively and reduce miscommunication and confusion (Bolman and Deal, 2017). From the above discussion it is clear that Stylerunner as an organisation could face mainly supply chain issues which would definitely lead to production and distribution problems and communicative problems due to the distances between the departments in a functional organisational structure. Hence the company should focus on getting a IT system set up in a way which would help the organisation to eliminate all its problems, It will manage the supply chain effectively, provide suitable information to the key stakeholders of the organisation and also help to integrate information in the system which would be effective for the different organisational levels to utilise for the organisational operations (Powell, Riezebos and Strandhagen, 2013). In this case the Enterprise Resource Planning System is the perfect system that could be integrated in the system of the organisation (Stadtler, 2015). The ERP is an excellent option to manage the supply chain of the organisation Stylerunner. The ERP has various functional modules which would help the organisation to meet all its information needs and communication needs as well as manage the supply chain effectively (Saleh Shata and Mohamed Udin, 2012). The Supply chain management involves the aspects of planning, execution, control and monitoring the supply activities and helps in integrated value creation procedure. The material flow, information flow and the financial flow are effectively managed by ERP for the organisation Stylerunner and hence it becomes an extremely effective tool which would provide the best possible result after the implementation. There are certainly some key advantages which would help the organisation Stylerunner with the integration of ERP in the system which are: improved efficiency of the operations as it helps to discuss the key aspects of the business and all the important functional departments have suitable information, helps in decision making, minimises communication gap, helps to impro ve the management of inventory, eliminate any kind of errors involved with supply chain and finally helps to reduce cost through perfect management of financial information and helps to utilise resources in the best possible manner (Wisner, Tang and Leong, 2014). The sales flowchart of the Stylerunner should be developed in the form of a typical Electronic commerce business. The sales flowchart starts with the customer placing order in the online portal of the organisation. The customer places the order makes credit transactions or debit transaction or chooses to pay during the home delivery. The order is placed and the organisation informs the warehouse where it is picked up by the distribution vehicle and then reaches the customer after which the customer feedback is taken to improve the sales procedure and the overall customer service. Below the possible sales flowchart of the organisation Stylerunner is given (Chang et al., 2014). Fig 1: Sales Flowchart Stylerunner There could be significant fraudulent activities involved in the ERP system which could impact the business significantly. The ERP system has significant security fears in the form of dummy supplier fraud. This is one aspect which cannot be denied by the ERP developers and hence it is important to implement significant control system for the ERP. The hack attacks are possible in ERP and hence proper online surveillance is important for the ERP system. The control system should be properly managed in the sense that the IT managers will have to understand how to manage this daunting task of safeguarding the ERP system implemented. First of all application security is the first issue to be managed and hence it should be simplified with the help of implementation to tools and security mainly authentication and access steps are important to be developed. A specific standard should be maintained which would help to manage the system properly. An audit system should be placed to manage the ERP security risks. There are different tools which could manage these issues effectively (Myerson, 2012). From accounting researches it has been found that most of the organisations irrespective of the size use accounting software packages. The use of accounting software in Australia is common in the corporate world. The use of accounting software may have become common and compulsory for effective operations of the organisation but its use has been there in the business since its inception in the late 70s. The bigger organisations like IBM, Microsoft embraced accounting software in the early 80s which clearly shows the importance of accounting software packages in the world (Romney et al., 2013). It is important to note that the concept of accounting is quite old and has been in use since the inception of the concept of business. In the contemporary business market in Australia almost 85% of the organisations have taken up accounting software due to the excessive increase of competition in the business. . Survey also shows that 99% of the small and medium scale businesses in Australia a re using accounting software packages which are mostly third party accounting and payroll accounting packages. Hence it could be said that the current market size of the accounting software selling organisation is almost 85% if properly assessed (Ng, Harrison and Akroyd, 2013). The most popular accounting software packages in Australia are MYOB (Mind Your Own Business), The Quickbook is the next big thing in the accounting market, Reckon, Xero, Money Works Express et cetera. These organisations capture 78% of the Australian business market together and hence are considered leading accounting software package selling organisations. One of the biggest reasons that the organisations have embraced software for accounting is that it eases a huge amount of pressure from the accountants and has also improved their features effectively to gain competitive advantage in the market. It is also important to mention that the market demand of the accounting software have been a prime reason for the increasing sales of these organisations (Horngren, et al., 2012). Companies like Quick Books, MYOB and Xero have gained competitive advantage as they have thought out of the box and have made the software completely cloud based which makes it easier for the organisation to do calculations from different places. Software like Xero, MYOB and Zoho Books are mainly based on price. MYOB and Zoho gain competitive advantage as they have phone support which is missing in companies Xero. Comparing the prices of Zoho Books and Xero it could be said that they gain upper hand as they are comparatively cheaper to MYOB which makes them highly saleable to the consumers (Trigo, Belfo and Estbanez, 2014). The importance of accounting software have increased over the years which clearly shows that this is considered as a tool of competition for many business as using accounting software eases the work to a large extent. It is also important to be mentioned that even though accounting software might be effective for businesses they also pose certain challenges for the organisations. The very first challenge that they pose to the business is security threat. It is important to note that most of the cloud based services have security threats and it cannot be denied. The financial information is one of the most highly classified information of an organisation and hence security threats will stand to be a huge aspect that needs to be managed (Van Akkeren, Buckby, and MacKenzie, 2013). On the other hand most of the cloud based software tends to work slow as they are heavy and not glitch free and hence this needs to be properly worked out. It could be recommended that customer service tool ha s to be improved to provide the best possible service to the clients. Authentication and access patterns have to be changed constantly and identity authentication should be implemented in order to strengthen the safety of the software. Access controls and database management should be handled singlehandedly (Romney et al., 2013). Conclusion To conclude it could be said that accounting is extremely important for an organisation and hence it is important to make the right decision to choose accounting software packages. The accounting software market in Australia is highly competitive. There are certain advantages of using accounting software and also challenges and hence there has to be security protocols in order to safeguard the software effectively. Overall to conclude it could be said that accounting system has to be implemented very prudently in an organisation like Stylerunner so that it gets the best possible result out of it. References Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017.Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Chang, S.I., Yen, D.C., Chang, I.C. and Jan, D., 2014. Internal control framework for a compliant ERP system.Information Management,51(2), pp.187-205. Horngren, C., Harrison, W., Oliver, S., Best, P., Fraser, D. and Tan, R., 2012.Financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Jones, G. and George, J., 2015.Contemporary management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Maas, J.B., Fenema, P.C. and Soeters, J., 2014. ERP system usage: the role of control and empowerment.New Technology, Work and Employment,29(1), pp.88-103. Myerson, P., 2012.Lean supply chain and logistics management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Ng, F., A. Harrison, J. and Akroyd, C., 2013. A revenue management perspective of management accounting practice in small businesses.Meditari Accountancy Research,21(2), pp.92-116. Powell, D., Riezebos, J. and Strandhagen, J.O., 2013. Lean production and ERP systems in small-and medium-sized enterprises: ERP support for pull production.International Journal of Production Research,51(2), pp.395-409. Romney, M.B., Steinbart, P.J., Mula, J.M., McNamara, R. and Tonkin, T., 2013.Accounting Information Systems [1st Australasian edition]. Pearson Australia. Saleh Shatat, A. and Mohamed Udin, Z., 2012. The relationship between ERP system and supply chain management performance in Malaysian manufacturing companies.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,25(6), pp.576-604. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Teittinen, H., Pellinen, J. and Jrvenp, M., 2013. ERP in actionChallenges and benefits for management control in SME context.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(4), pp.278-296. Trigo, A., Belfo, F. and Estbanez, R.P., 2014. Accounting information systems: The challenge of the real-time reporting.Procedia Technology,16, pp.118-127. Van Akkeren, J., Buckby, S. and MacKenzie, K., 2013. A metamorphosis of the traditional accountant: An insight into forensic accounting services in Australia.Pacific Accounting Review,25(2), pp.188-216. Wisner, J.D., Tan, K.C. and Leong, G.K., 2014.Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

Bus105 Business Statistics

Question: Section 1: Goals and format of the assignment Paraphrase the following, there will be a similar discussions in the lectures and tutorials you can paraphrase that instead This assignment is supposed to help students understand the following concepts. * You can ask a sample of people simple questions and give a numerical summary of the results *The summary is not reliable, different samples would give different answers , This lack of reliability can be well explained by theoretical distributions such as the z distribution. *You can use Hypothesis testing to use sample to answer a questions about the population *The first sections of the assignment involve explaining and summarizing a large data set of simple data and interpreting the results the later sections discuss Hypothesis testing, the issues of collecting and working with large sets of data, and the fact it is very hard to fully understand the applications of the z distribution. Section 2: Description of the data set a)Expand upon and paraphrase the following, definitely describe each of the variables, For each variable answer the question is it categorical or numerical? The data set is the survey responses of 100,000 people every student has their own sample of 100 people , Each person is shown one of 3 possible endings for a tv show, ending 1, ending 2 or ending 3 and they are asked two questions , question 1: Do they like the movie? Question 2: How much would they pay for the DVD? b) Also do one or both of the following *Give some more questions that could be asked *Criticise the existing questions Section 3: Summary of the data set You must do this section first because the descriptive statistics will help you understand the assignment, When you write up the assignment the descriptive statistics section will go in the middle of the assignment, however you really need to do it first. You need to Open up the assignment data set (the file computer assignment with filters) You must only use your sample of 100 numbers use the filter given in the excel sheet to find your own 100 numbers (this should become clear if you actually open the excel file) Read instructions given in the excel file and answer the following questions. Answer the following questions (refer to the excel file for more instructions) you must get excel to give you your data set, your numbers will be different to the other students. Question 1 For the variable Do they like the tv show find =phat1=proportion of people that liked the tv show with ending 1 =phat2=proportion of people that liked the tv show with ending 2 =phat3=proportion of people that liked the tv show with ending 3 find phat1-phat2 phat2-phat3 Give a chart that compares the proportion of the 3 different tv show endings Question 2 find =xbar1=the average amount people would pay for the dvd of the tv show with ending 1 =xbar2= the average amount people would pay for the dvd of the tv show with ending 2 =xbar3=the average amount people would pay for the dvd of the tv show with ending 3 find xbar1-xbar2 xbar2-xbar3 Answer: SECTION 1 The write-up uses the following concepts: Population and sampling techniques Calculating Descriptive values - mean, mode, median, variance, maximum, range and coefficient of variation. Drawing of Graphs - histograms and bar chart Sampling distributions Estimation theory point estimates Hypothesis tests SECTION 2 This report is based on a sample drawn from a set of 10,000 survey responses of people. The sample size is 100, based on student id. The questionnaire administered relates to the person being shown one of 3 possible endings for a TV show, ending 1, ending 2 or ending 3 and they are asked two questions. Q1: Do they like the show? The answer is recorded as YES/ NO. The answer is therefore a categorical data type with 2 categories. Q2: How much would they pay for the DVD? This answer is a quantitative variable, with positive integers only as values. Section III In this section we present some findings as required: First we deal with the point estimates of the proportion of viewers in each group, defined by the ending shown. =phat1=.29 =phat2=.44 =phat3=.27 phat1-phat2 = -0.03 phat2-phat3 = -0.01 The table below shows the distribution of viewers across groups with their liking. Majority of viewers in group 2 and 3 like the show( 23/44 and 21/27), unlike in group 1 where the majority do not like the show. ( 16 out of 29) YES NO endg1 13 16 29 endg2 23 21 44 endg3 21 6 27 57 43 100 We present data on point estimates of average amounts that each group is willing to pay: =xbar1= 4.73 =xbar2= 5.76 =xbar3 = 8.2 sample average = 6.127 xbar1-xbar2 = -1.033 xbar2-xbar3 = - 2.439 Next we consider each group separately and visualise the distribution of willingness to pay using histograms. The following representation shows frequency distribution as well as cumulative percentage of this distribution visually. The table below shows the frequency numerically also. class Frequency ending 1 ending 2 ending 3 0 to less than 2 16 21 6 2 to less than 4 0 0 0 4 to less than 6 0 0 0 6 to less than 8 4 3 3 8 to less than 10 4 10 9 10 to less than 12 3 6 5 12 2 4 4 We now provide descriptive statistics for the 3 categories outlined above. ending 1 ending 2 ending 3 Mean 4.734483 5.768182 8.207407 Standard Error 0.926529 0.81876 0.884996 Median 0.9 8 9 Mode 8 9 9 Standard Deviation 4.989 5.431038 4.598572 Skewness 0.406286 0.290192 -0.87268 Range 13 18 14 Maximum 13 18 14 SECTION 4 Summary of data description: Average amount that a viewer wants to pay for a DVD is highest for show with ending 3- at 8.207 For shows with ending 1 with TV show ending with1 the average amount that a viewer wants to pay for a DVD is lowest at 4.73. The average amount for shows ending with 2 is 5.768, closer to group 1 average. The sample average stands at 6.127. There is less similarity in the maximum amount that a viewer is willing to pay for a DVD across all show. It is highest at 18 for group 2 and lowest for group 1 at 13. The three groups differ in skewness. Shows ending with 1 and 2 are positively skewed in contrast with negative skewness for group 3. This is seen in histograms as well. There is zero willingness to pay for amounts between $2 and $6 across groups. The range is almost same across categories, and equals the maximum amount as the minimum amount is zero in all groups. Range = maximum minimum. When minimum is zero range equals maximum. Variation is captured in an absolute sense by standard deviation. The standard deviation is highest for group 2 and lowest for group 3. SECTION 5 The use of surveys in making conclusions about populations is based on theory of estimation and hypothesis testing. The usefulness of surveys is unchallenged, especially when time and money constraints are important. They become unavoidable when the population itself is infinite or uncountable. The quality of the results ( in terms of relevance and usefulness) and conclusions drawn from a sample are subject to many considerations- size of sample as compared to population size, sampling technique used, confidence level chosen and the questions asked in any questionnaire from sample participants. After controlling for these aspects some problems still remain in the form of non sampling errors that include nature of responses being biased or participants giving wrong information. Some participants may provide frivolous answers as they are not required to prove the veracity of their answers with actions. When we ask how they are willing to pay for DVD they can sound magnanimous and state a large number, but may actually refuse to pay that amount. The questionnaire may not be exhaustive. For example for Q1, along with YES/ NO we can have CANT SAY also. SECTION 6 Let us consider shows ending with 1 and 2 first YES NO Ending 1 13 16 Ending 2 21 21 We use a chi square test of association to test for association between liking show and its ending for two pairs - 1and 2, and 2 and 3. The null hypothesis is independence between ending and liking. The alternative hypothesis says there is an association between liking a shos and its ending. First group 1 and 2, calculating expected values, we note that the chi square test value is 13.02395 and the critical value with 95% confidence is 5.02(with 1 degree of freedom). We DO NOT accept the null hypothesis. observed expected (O-E)^2/E 13 10.44 0.627739 16 10.73 2.588341 23 15.84 3.236465 21 16.28 1.368452 7.820997 . Let us consider shows ending with 2 and 3 now: YES NO Ending 2 23 21 Ending 3 21 6 Again using a chi square test we note that the test value is 13.264 and the critical value with 95% confidence is 5.02. Clearly, there is NO independence between liking the show and its ending. observed expected (O-E)^2/E 23 19.36 0.68438 21 11.88 7.001212 21 11.88 7.001212 6 7.29 0.228272 14.91508 We now conduct tests for checking differences in mean amounts that people are willing to pay for shows ending with 1 and 2. We use a normal distribution for the estimated difference value Ho: 1 = 2 H1: 1 2 Test value = (-1.033/ SE ) SE= (5^2/29 +4.9^2/44) ^.5 = 1.816 Test value = -.871 Using a 99% level of confidence the critical z value is 2.57. As test value critical value we can say that there is a NO significant difference in amounts people are willing to pay for DVDs with shows ending with 1 and 2. Now for shows ending with 2 and 3 . Ho: 2 = 3 H1: 2 3 Test value = (-2.439/ SE ) SE= (4.9^2/44 +4.6^2/27) ^.5 = 1.115 Test value = -2.1156. Using a 99% level of confidence the critical z value is 2.57. as test value critical value we can say that there is NO significant difference in amounts people are willing to pay for DVDs with shows ending with 2 and 3. SECTION VII Sampling distributions are an integral part of estimation and hypothesis theory. This theory forms the basis of any sample analysis to derive population glimpses. As a theory it is based on mathematical theory of probability distributions and mathematical proofs. Sampling theory uses a technique of deriving statistic values from samples. The samples are ideally infinite in number. These statistic values are then applied on probability distributions like normal z, t, F and chi square distributions to aid in the test of hypothesis. We have used two such distributions in our report chi square distribution to check independence of liking across categories, normal distribution to check differences in amount that people are willing to pay across shows. In real life we only draw one sample, which is why a theoretical concept that uses an infinite number of samples is difficult to grasp and understand SECTION VIII. We work with a sample that constitutes 1% of the population data, (100 out of 10000 datapoints). The conclusions are conditional on the student id that is used as the sampling method. These sample points are randomly spread over three groups based on show ending. Our sample has a disproportionate large number of data points in group 2, for shows with ending 2 (44 out of 100). The data shows variations in terms of some descriptive statistics like mean, variance, maximum values, skewness and standard deviation across all groups formed on the basis of ending of the show. There is a similarity in terms of maximum willingness to pay and range. Also there is a statistically significant association between liking show and its ending when we choose 2 pairs of shows( ending 1 and 2=, and ending 2 and 3). The differences in average amounts that a viewer pays are not statistically significant if we choose a 99% confidence level. These results are conditional on the level of confidence ( or Type 1 error chosen) a lower confidence level may change the conclusions.

THE HISTORY OF PUNK ROCK Essays - Punk Rock Genres,

THE HISTORY OF PUNK ROCK Punk rock is a style of music that originated in 1964 in New York City at an underground club called The Dom. This little known club at the time was the catalyst that started punk on the road to what it is today (History Punk). Sid Vicious of the Sex Pistols was quoted saying; ?Punk was created as a cure for boredom.? (Punk History). He sure has one thing correct; one certainly can not be bored while listening to punk rock. The hard core guitar rhythm, slashing bass line, and hard fast drum beat make punk music that one must dance to. Punk rock is a style of music that has recently started its comeback. Punk rock from the past has affected many of today's top artists and this has had a dramatic affect on the today's music industry. Although there is considerable influence from past bands that does not mean there has not been a considerable change in the area of punk rock itself. The Stooges are a punk band formed in New York by punk great Iggy Pop. He formed the band in 1966 and the members could hardly play their instruments. This did not discourage them pursuing their dream of being a great punk rock band though. They continually practiced until finally three years later in 1969 their first album was released. This was the start of mainstream punk (Punk History). In 1975 the punk scene shifted from New York to Detroit, where it stayed for the next 15 years (Punk History). Also in 1975 a band by the name of The Ramones formed. They released there first, self entitled album in 1976. The lack of originality is said to have been the key factor in creation of the Ramones sound. They wanted to put the step back into music. They brought back the 2-minute song many found reminiscent of early rock and roll (Chord Wonders). On July 4, 1976 the Romones performed their first concert in London. This concert had a dramatic effect on Britain. It inspired such great bands as the Sex Pistols, the Clash, the Damned, and Generation X. This was the spark that generated the British Punk frenzy (Chord Wonders). British punks had the ?do it yourself? attitude, and emphasized individuality and self-expression. They rebelled against the music of the 70's and the social, economic and political climate of England at the time. But the area that British punks rebelled against the most was fashion. They did this to the extent that they created there own fashion (The Pit). The first major band to develop in England was the Sex Pistols. They took the ametureristic style of the Ramones and added a streak of nihilism, meaning they had an anarchic sound, creating a sound and an image that is still the ideal in punk rock today (Greeil 34). The fast guitar rhythm, sometimes out of tune, was the main feature of the Sex Pistols. Combine that with Sid Vicious slaughtering the bass lines, the nihilistic lyrics of Johnny Rotton, and a hard core drum and you have what most consider the greatest punk band of all time. Rotton, lead singer, and Vicious are looked upon as two of the ?all time great punks?, contributing both musically and fashionably to the punk scene. Vicious often played at gigs drunk or high on heroin. These antics by Vicious earned the band more press about their offstage antics then their actual music performance (Chord Wonders). Another great punk legend, The Clash, was started in 1978. The Clash was more idealistic the Sex Pistols, but they were no less aggressive (Greil 76). They were very instrumental in the development of today's punk bands. Bands such as Sublime, Operation Ivy, and Rancid are just a few examples of bands that base their music on the style of the Clash. The style with which the Clash play utilizes the ska and reggae beat making the guitar sound higher pitched. This style and technique is what got the Clash voted best album by Rolling Stones in 1980 (History Punk). One thing that made all punks stand out was their fashion taste or should I say lack of fashion. Punks would wear fetishwear, bondage trousers, and

Writing a SAT Sample Essay

Writing a SAT Sample EssayWriting a SAT sample essay is not difficult, but it is very time consuming. The entire essay is composed of three parts. In this article, we will look at the first part.The first part of the essay must be composed out of five short paragraphs. The short paragraphs should read like a mini report. Each paragraph should also be no more than two hundred words long. You should use bullets or underlining to help emphasize certain points in your paragraphs.When writing a SAT sample essay, you must not forget to include your most important ideas at the beginning of the essay. This will help provide readers with your general point of view and is one of the most important parts of the essay. There is nothing worse than reading an essay where all the points are not emphasized properly.It is very important to read and re-read your essay over before you submit it. If you forget to include any important information in your essay, you will never be able to meet the criteri a for college credit. You must make sure you completely understand the subject matter before you submit your essay.Before you begin writing your SAT sample essay, it is important to create a list of all the different topics that you will cover. Keep the topics as concise as possible so that they do not become boring. By writing down the topic beforehand, you will know exactly what type of essay you will need to write.As the topic of your essay is determined, you should start brainstorming about the types of questions that you want to answer. The different types of questions include descriptive questions (ex: What was the best part of your day? ), analytical questions (ex: What causes us to feel upset?) and judgmental questions (ex: I do not know why we feel guilty if we steal. Be careful when you are writing your SAT sample essay. For example, the essay may seem to include many different topics, but it only contains one particular topic. The entire purpose of the essay is to get one particular point across to the reader, but you need to make sure you do not lose sight of the general idea by going off on a tangent.There are hundreds of websites that offer sample essays that can be used as practice for your SAT essay. You can take one or all of these essays and study them so that you know how to write a good essay. After you have been writing essays for a while, you will become comfortable and confident in your ability to write the perfect essay.

The Red Turban Rebellion in China

The Red Turban Rebellion in China Disastrous floods on the Yellow River washed away crops, drowned villagers, and changed the rivers course so that it no longer met up with the Grand Canal. The hungry survivors of these catastrophes began to think that their ethnic-Mongol rulers, the Yuan Dynasty, had lost the Mandate of Heaven. When those same rulers forced 150,000 to 200,000 of their Han Chinese subjects to turn out for a massive labor corvee to dig out the canal once more and join it to the river, the laborers rebelled. This uprising, called the Red Turban Rebellion, signaled the beginning of the end for Mongol rule over China. The first leader of the Red Turbans, Han Shantong, recruited his followers from the forced laborers who were digging out the canal bed in 1351. Hans grandfather had been a sect leader of the White Lotus sect, which provided the religious underpinnings for the Red Turban Rebellion. Yuan Dynasty authorities soon captured and executed Han Shantong, but his son took his place at the head of the rebellion. Both Hans were able to play upon their followers hunger, their displeasure at being forced to work without pay for the government, and their deep-seated dislike of being ruled by barbarians from Mongolia. In northern China, this led to an explosion of Red Turban anti-government activity. Meanwhile, in southern China, a second Red Turban uprising began under the leadership of Xu Shouhui. It had similar complaints and goals to those of the northern Red Turbans, but the two were not coordinated in any way.   Although the peasant soldiers originally identified with the color white (from the White Lotus Society) they soon switched to the much luckier color red. To identify themselves, they wore red headbands or hong jin, which gave the uprising its common name as the Red Turban Rebellion. Armed with makeshift weapons and farm implements, they should not have been a real threat to the Mongol-led armies of the central government, but the Yuan Dynasty was in turmoil. Initially, an able commander called Chief Councillor Toghto was able to put together an effective force of 100,000 imperial soldiers to put down the northern Red Turbans. He succeeded in 1352, routing Hans army. In 1354, the Red Turbans went on the offensive once more, cutting the Grand Canal.  Toghto assembled a force traditionally numbered at 1 million, although that is no doubt a gross exaggeration.  Just as he began to move against the Red Turbans, court intrigue resulted in the emperor dismissing Toghto. His outraged officers and many of the soldiers deserted in protest of his removal, and the Yuan court was never able to find another effective general to lead the anti-Red Turban efforts. During the late 1350s and early 1360s, local leaders of the Red Turbans fought among themselves for control of soldiers and territory. They expended so much energy on each other that the Yuan government was left in relative peace for a time. It seemed as if the rebellion might collapse under the weight of different warlords ambition. However, Han Shantongs son died in 1366; some historians believe that his general, Zhu Yuanzhang, had him drowned. Although it took two more years, Zhu led his peasant army to capture the Mongol capital at Dadu (Beijing) in 1368. The Yuan Dynasty fell, and Zhu established a new, ethnically-Han Chinese dynasty called the Ming.

Business and Virtue Ethics Essay Example for Free

Business and Virtue Ethics Essay Abstract For the purposes of this assignment we will analyze the Mattel case and discuss the actions of the company regarding the behavior and actions in conjunction with the Global Manufacturing Process that was implemented. Breaches of the two business ethics elements of integrity and egoism will be assessed. Within the discussion I have identified the virtues prudence, justice, fidelity, and courage that were largely violated by the Mattel organization and how it affected the employees of Mattel. We will discuss the implications of virtue, deontological, and utilitarian ethics regarding their potential usefulness in evaluation of the Mattel case. Introduction Mattel’s concept of Global Manufacturing Principles (GMP) was not a novel concept. The many forms of GMP including International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) have been around for decades and have worked to insure that specific industries are held to a standard that is industry wide. ISO’s model is â€Å"Say what you do, and do what you say†. When a company endeavors to become ISO qualified, it is required to document every activity (as a standard operating procedure, SOP) that occurs within the company and adhere to that process without deviation. ISO qualified companies are always subject to audit by other ISO registered companies and is initially audited by four such companies in order to acquire certification. Having been directly involved with ISO implementation at a former employer that supplied fasteners for manufacturing, I am fully aware of how involved the certification is. The company SOP was over 1000 pages. Additionally, another ISO company can and will come in and audit your company prior to electing to conduct business with your company. In some instances, ISO qualification is not enough to be awarded the business. The nutrition industry also adheres to the Good Manufacturing Practices, of which I was required to be certified in every year. Each department of the nutritional company I worked for had its own GMP standards that we were to adhere implicitly. The nutrition industry, while not regulated by the FDA, is controlled indirectly by the FDA. GMP is an FDA requirement. Having worked in two industries where the concept is not only expected, but required in some instances; I was not impressed by the fact that Mattel implemented GMP of their own volition for the sole purpose to improve public perception after misconduct was exposed by the media. Business Ethics Issue The one word that I found that resonates throughout the article, whether spoken or implied, is â€Å"integrity†. The incoming CEO stated that Mattel would behave in all actions with â€Å"unwavering integrity† and that the company’s commitment to the GMP remained unequivocal and undiminished. (Sethi, Shapiro, Emelianova, pg.490) Ironically, I identify the most noticeable and important business ethics issue as just that; a lack of integrity. Merriam Webster defines integrity as â€Å"the firm adherence to a code of especially moral value, the quality or sate of being complete or undivided, and the quality of being honest or fair. Mattel exhibited none of these traits insofar as where their GMP’s were concerned. In fact, there were numerous infractions regarding the non-enforcement of their GMP’s across the board in the Asia and Mexico based manufacturing facilities. The second ethics issue I identified was narcissism. Mattel implemented this GMP program with the attitude of ‘look at what we’re doing’ but with minimal effort to ensure the success of the program. According to Duchon and Drake (2009) extreme narcissistic organizations will establish these formal ethics programs but will not have much effect on hindering unethical behaviors. This was evident in that the supervisors at the factories knew what they were supposed to be doing; but found ways to circumvent the system and there were no reprisals as a result of their nonconformance. Ultimately, it was a program of words and not deeds. Three Virtues Prudence â€Å"Careful good judgment that allows someone to avoid danger or risks. † (M-W, 2013) In my opinion, a great deal of misfortune and hardship could have been avoided if Mattel would have practiced a modicum of prudence before ever moving their manufacturing to Asia. In a perfect world, and especially in a modern world we do not expect children to work. However, when dealing with underdeveloped countries; it is normal for children to work in conditions that would be an affront to any American’s moral nature having abandoned child labor decades ago. If Mattel had done due diligence, they would have known that the facility in Indonesia was operating in an unacceptable manner (Sethi, et al. pg. 486) and could have implemented working conditions and requirements from the get-go. Then the exposure by the media would have never been an issue. I have no doubt that the draw of paying lower wages and increased productivity was the catalyst to overlook the conditions in those overseas factories. Justice â€Å"The quality of being just, impartial, or fair. Conformity to truth, fact, or reason. † (M-W, 2013) The concept of justice was completely lost on Mattel. While the implementation of the GMP program was comprehensive; the execution and enforcement was unconscionable. The last paragraph of the GMP, exhibit 1 says that if â€Å"Mattel determines that any of its manufacturing facilities or vendors violate these principles, we may either terminate our business relationship or require that facility to take corrective action. If corrective action is advised and not taken, Mattel will immediately terminate current production and suspend placement of future orders. †(Sethi, et al.pg. 487). However, when audits were performed; the facilities were rife with infractions but there was no follow through when corrective actions were required. The facilities were allowed to continue to operate unhindered. Astonishingly, the 20 plus companies that were not owned by Mattel were allowed to operate without any disciplinary actions imposed by Mattel for infractions if any auditing was conducted at all. Considering the fact that both Mattel owned and vendor factories employ some hundred thousand plus employees; Mattel’s actions were nowhere near impartial, fair, or conforming to fact or reason. Fidelity â€Å"Quality or state of being faithful, accuracy in details. †(M-W, 2013) For this virtue, I am concentrating on the act of being faithful to the employees. Whether or not the GMPs were self-imposed or not, Mattel had an obligation to the people it employs. Throughout the article, it was found during audits that the employee’s time cards would systematically be incomplete where they were not being allowed to clock-out. This resonates that these people were being required to work overtime ‘off the books’. Employees were not being given the appropriate days off or vacation time. Some living conditions and canteen conditions were substandard. Fines were being imposed. (Sethi, et al. 2011) The list goes on and on. In my opinion, Mattel should have had impartial representatives on the ground in these factories to ensure that the rules for payment, working overtime, and work conditions were being upheld. There should have been constant supervision and vigilance on a corporate level. To think that audits that were being conducted every three years was comprehensive enough to get the job done was blind and narrow minded. Courage To go one step further. A virtue is an attitude. Courage is measured when there is risk involved; but also rationality. To be truly courageous there needs to be a clear picture of what a person’s values are. Courage does not need to be proven beyond a doubt. (Hartman, 2008) In the case of Mattel, I feel it was courageous to implement such a comprehensive GMP program although it was misguided and ultimately failed. An even more courageous act would have been to rehab the program and bring it to its full potential and fruition. The article does not mention whether Mattel experienced any loss of revenue as a result, but public perception is a fickle entity and once all of the attention over sweat shops and child labor overseas died down, Mattel was no longer under the microscope. Financially, Mattel was spending money it perceivably no longer needed to spend. Since their program was self-imposed; it is no surprise that Mattel just unceremoniously abandoned the GMP program after nine years. When some organizations implement and enforce codes as part of a self-regulation process and others do not, those who self-regulate invariably incur greater costs. These costs are usually passed onto the consumer who subsequently (and sensibly) choses the organization which offers the cheaper product. (Blackburn & McGee, 2004) Virtue Ethics â€Å"Virtues† are attitudes, dispositions, or character traits that enable us to be and to act in ways that develop this potential. They enable us to pursue the ideals we have adopted. Honesty, courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, self-control, and prudence are all examples of virtues. (Andre, Meyer, Shanks, and Velazquez. 1988) Virtue ethics indicates that business decisions should be made in a manner that attributes to the overall goals of the professional. It stresses activities and motives, what we do and why. Virtue ethics proffer that action and motive are connected to character and disposition. Actions are taken and decisions made because they are linked to a certain character. (Blackburn and McGee. 2004) â€Å"That â€Å"ought† does not imply â€Å"right† can be seen in another sort of case as well, namely, when what one ought to do in one’s circumstances results from one’s own prior wrongdoing. In such a case, doing what one ought to do may not be the same as doing a right act or a â€Å"good deed†. In fact, the same prior failure may both increase one’s level of obligation to do a given act now and decrease one’s level of praiseworthiness. † (Russell, 2008) The above quote is especially poignant in the Mattel case. Because Mattel implemented the GMP program on the heels of a media expose, the intentions were not solely based on the ‘right’ thing to do, but on what they ‘ought’ to do. Mattel probably did not get the recognition or good press they were looking for and therefore had no proclivity to ensure that the plan was a success. Utilitarian Ethics â€Å"Actions are approved when they are as such to promote happiness and disapproved when they have a tendency to cause unhappiness. † (Driver, 2009) We also know that utilitarian ethics work for the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Mattel directly employs over twenty thousand people throughout Asia and Mexico. If the happiness of those employees would have been considered; the pay, working conditions, time off, and canteen programs would have never been an issue. If the executives of the company would have experienced any of those adverse conditions, they would have cried â€Å"foul† all the way to an attorney. The employees are ultimately left without a voice and no recourse. Deontology â€Å"To act according to the maxim that you would wish all other rational people to follow as though it were universal law. † â€Å"Never treat a person as a means to an end. † (Pecorino, 2000) Kant contends that where morality is concerned, it is guided by law and therefore judgment is not necessary to fill in the blanks, because there are no blanks. He believed that people can conform to duty and not be morally limited. He believed that we could use indeterminate action-guidance for imperfect duties, and I’m paraphrasing; to weigh the moral options for decisions regarding duty towards others. Because that decision requires the minimum of our morality. Kant rejected virtue ethics. (McAleer, 2001) My opinion is that deontology would not work in the Mattel case. There are too many variables to consider in order to narrow down the maxim that will be comprehensive enough to include thousands of people over a number of cultural variances. Conclusion While the design of Mattel’s Global Manufacturing Principles may have been well intended and meant to improve the working conditions of the employees, the implementation was short-sighted and poorly executed. All too often when the few aspire to set standards for the many, the end result is a miscalculation. GMP’s are not a one size fits all type of endeavor. Each facility should have had a program that was custom to their country and working conditions. The ethical treatment of employees was the intention; but the ultimate governance was not enforced. The aftermath was the abandonment of the program due to the lack of interest and participation on the public and other companies in the industry. References Andre, Claire, Meyer, Michael and S. J. , Shanks, Thomas, Velasquez, Manuel. (1988) Ethics and Virtue. Issues in Ethics, V1 N3. We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you